Comparative in vivo study of commercially pure Ti implants with surfaces modified by laser with and without silicate deposition: Biomechanical and scanning electron microscopy analysis

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate commercially pure titanium implant surfaces modified by laser beam (LS) and LS associated with sodium silicate (SS) deposition, and compare them with machined surface (MS) and dual acid-etching surfaces (AS) modified. Topographic characterization was performed by scanning electron microscopy-X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), and by mean roughness measurement before surgery. Thirty rabbits received 60 implants in their right and left tibias. One implant of each surface in each tibia. The implants were removed by reverse torque for vivo biomechanical analysis at 30, 60, and 90 days postoperative. In addition, the surface of the implants removed at 30 days postoperative was analyzed by SEM-EDX. The topographic characterization showed differences between the analyzed surfaces, and the mean roughness values of LS and SS were statistically higher than AS and MS. At 30 days, values removal torque LS and SS groups showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) when compared with MS and AS. At 60 days, groups LS and SS showed statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) when compared with MS. At 90 days, only group SS presented statistically higher (p < 0.05) in comparison with MS. The authors can conclude that physical chemistry properties and topographical of LS and SS implants increases bone-implant interaction and provides higher degree of osseointegration when compared with MS and AS.

Skeletal stem cell and bone implant interactions are enhanced by LASER titanium modification

“…In the current study we demonstrate the efficacy of LASER irradiation of titanium to generate a surface to improve skeletal stem cell function. LASER irradiation has been shown to be a promising method for Ti surface treatment, increasing the Ti surface area, wettability and, critically, offering a high degree of surface purity at relatively low cost [11,12,19]. Furthermore, studies with LASER-modified materials implanted in rabbit tibias and subsequently presenting high removal torques [11,12,19] and properties that favour cell adhesion and proliferation make this an attractive approach [10,20].…”

“…LASER irradiation has been shown to be a promising method for Ti surface treatment, increasing the Ti surface area, wettability and, critically, offering a high degree of surface purity at relatively low cost [11,12,19]. Furthermore, studies with LASER-modified materials implanted in rabbit tibias and subsequently presenting high removal torques [11,12,19] and properties that favour cell adhesion and proliferation make this an attractive approach [10,20]. We have previously shown that the topography of a Ti LASERmodified surface displays distinct topographies including a surface roughness with an appearance comparable to a "cauliflower" morphology that provide enhanced wettability and surface area [6].…”

“…The LASER treated surfaces in the current study, provide a topography that supported hSSC 1 viability and proliferation. A wealth of studies indicate rough Ti surfaces can enhance osseointegration in the clinic in comparison to smooth surfaces [6,7,12,22], although the cellular and molecular mechanisms that drive this process remain far from clear. ALP 6 activity is typically used as a marker to follow the differentiation of osteoblasts from non-calcium-depositing to calcium-depositing cells [23] , and as a marker of the early stages of osteogenic differentiation [24].…”

“…As recently detailed in a number of studies, LASER treatment appears to provide a promising method for Ti implant generation, resulting in enhance and rapid onset of osseointegration [6,10,11,12,13].…”

Influence of Temperature and Acid Etching Time on the Superficial Characteristics of Ti

“…As the etching temperature was raised, surface irregularities became deeper, and the mean S a and S dr increased. Some studies have demonstrated that increases in the numerical surface roughness of an implant enhance biomechanical anchorage in bone, as determined by torque removal tests 16 and resistance to push-out forces 17 . These studies showed a tendency toward an increase in bone contact, and resistance to removal, with an increasing numerical implant surface roughness.…”