Comparative immunogenicity of two peste des petitis ruminants (PPR) vaccines in South Indian sheep and goats under field conditions

Santhosh, A. K.; Gomes, Amitha R.; Hegde, Raveendra; Rathnamma, D.; Veeregowda, B.M.; Byregowda, S. M.; Renukaprasad, C.; Bhanuprakash, V.; Prabhudas, K.; Hegde, Nagendra R.; Isloor, Shrikrishna

doi:10.1007/s13337-013-0168-6

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Considerably low morbidity and mortality reported in this study could be due to regular vaccination carried out in the state. It was also elucidated that attenuated PPR vaccine is capable of providing good protection in vaccinated animals which is in accordance with Santhosh et al (2013). On analysis of the data available, maximum number of outbreaks were recorded during 2005, later on outbreaks were less due to regular vaccination programme carried out in the state.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 56%

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2016

Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci.

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| The present study reports the epidemiological and virological investigations of the twelve different outbreaks of Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) in goats and sheep flocks with considerable morbidity and mortality recorded from different places of Karnataka state in India during 2014-2015. Clinical samples were collected from the affected flocks or villages for laboratory investigation along with epidemiological parameters. The PPR virus (PPRV) antigen and its genome were detected in the infected tissues or swab materials by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (s-ELISA) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The significant epidemiological parameters recorded include young animals being severely affected than adult animals, which showed symptoms suggestive of PPR and changing pattern of disease in term of severity of gross lesions and clinical signs. The source of infection was traced back to introduction of new animals from other flocks or from other states. Despite regular vaccination of sheep and goats in the state, under National Control Programme on PPR (NCP-PPR), outbreaks need to be carefully monitored due mainly to production losses in small ruminants.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 56%

Untitled

2016

Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci.

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“…Further information was sought through the distribution of a questionnaire to the Northern African countries belonging to the Reseau Mediterranéen de Santé Animale (REMESA) 4 network, in order to increase the understanding about the epidemiology of PPR in Northern Africa and to explore possible pathways of potential introduction of the disease into the EU. The information provided within the timeframe of the present opinion is presented in the following section, and, for the answers from some REMESA countries that will be received at a later stage, the analysis will be performed later and the results given back to the REMESA network.…”

Section: Ppr Occurrence In Northern African Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on peste des petits ruminants

2015

EFSA Journal

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Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a severe viral disease of small ruminants caused by a Morbillivirus closely related to rinderpest virus. It is widespread in Africa and Asia and is currently also found in Turkey and Northern Africa. PPR is transmitted via direct contact, and the disease would mainly be transferred to infection-free areas by transport of infected animals. In the EU, it could only happen through illegal transport of animals. The risk of that depends on the prevalence in the country of origin and the number of animals illegally moved. The extent of the spread would depend mainly on the time during which it is undetected, the farm density, the frequency and distance of travel of animals. PPR has a high within-herd transmission rate, therefore contacts between flocks, e.g. through common grazing areas, should be avoided when PPR is present. If PPR enters EU areas with dense sheep population but low goat density, it may spread rapidly undetected, since goats are considered more susceptible than sheep. Effective measures in limiting the spread of PPR in the EU include prompt culling of infected herds, rapid detection, movement restriction, and disinfection. Live attenuated vaccines against PPR are available, safe and effective, and have been successfully used to control PPR epidemics, but no method exists for differentiating between infected and vaccinated animals; therefore, the development of one is recommended. Awareness-raising campaigns for farmers and veterinary staff to promote recognition of the disease should be considered. The cooperation of the EU with neighbouring countries should be encouraged to prevent the spread of PPR and other transboundary diseases. In particular, EFSA was asked to (i) characterise the disease and provide an update on the global occurrence of PPR and changes in the distribution during the last 10 years; (ii) map the region of concern and other countries of the Mediterranean Basin and Black Sea, displaying identified, or likely, major live animal trade routes; (iii) evaluate all possible pathways of introduction of PPR into the EU, ranking them on the basis of their level of risk, with a view to enhancing preparedness and prevention; (iv) assess the risk of introduction and speed of propagation of PPR into the EU and neighbouring countries; (v) assess the risk of PPR becoming endemic in animal populations in the EU; (vi) assess the impact PPR would have if it were to enter the EU, considering different scenarios as regards the effectiveness of surveillance and control measures; and (vii) review the feasibility, availability and effectiveness of the main disease prevention and control measures (diagnostic tools, biosecurity measures, restrictions on movement, culling). © EuropeanRegarding disease characterisation, the AHAW Panel reported that PPR is a severe viral disease of small ruminants caused by a Morbillivirus closely related to rinderpest virus. It is widespread in Africa, the Middle East and Southern Asia. It is one of the priority animal diseases wh...

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“…It is important to note the in our study both sheep and goats survived PPRV virulent virus challenge post vaccination, indicating an adequate immune response to counter the virus. In an independent study it was reported that Sungri/96 vaccine is equally potent in both sheep and goats [69]. In our study, though there are a few differences in the systems biology across cells (specially the NK cells) between sheep and goats, the co-ordinated response that is inclusive of all the cell subsets was found to be towards induction of strong innate immune response, which is needed for an appropriate adaptive immune response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 42%

Systems Biology behind immunoprotection of both Sheep and Goats after Sungri/96 PPRV vaccination

Wani

Praharaj

Sahu

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Immune response is a highly coordinated cascade involving all the subsets of PBMCs. In this study, RNA-Seq analysis of PBMC subsets - CD4+, CD8+, CD14+, CD21+ and CD335+ cells from day 0 and day 5 of Sungri/96 Peste des Petits Ruminants vaccinated sheep and goats was done to delineate the systems biology behind immune - protection of the vaccine in sheep and goat. Assessment of the immune response processes enriched by the differentially expressed genes in all the subsets suggested a strong dysregulation towards development of early inflammatory microenvironment, which is very much required for differentiation of monocytes to macrophages, and for activation and migration of dendritic cells into the draining lymph nodes. The protein - protein interaction networks among the antiviral molecules (IFIT3, ISG15, MX1, MX2, RSAD2, ISG20, IFIT5 and IFIT1) and common DEGs across PBMCs subsets in both the species identified ISG15 to be an ubiquitous hub, that helps in orchestrating antiviral host response against PPRV. IRF7 was found to be the key master regulator activated in most of the subsets in sheep and goats. Most of the pathways were found to be inactivated in B - lymphocytes of both the species indicating that 5 dpv is too early a time point for the B - lymphocytes to react. The cell mediated immune response and humoral immune response pathways were found more enriched in goats than in sheep. Though, animals from both the species survived the challenge, a contrast in pathway activation was observed in CD335+ cells.

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Comparative immunogenicity of two peste des petitis ruminants (PPR) vaccines in South Indian sheep and goats under field conditions

Cited by 11 publications

References 29 publications

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Scientific Opinion on peste des petits ruminants

Systems Biology behind immunoprotection of both Sheep and Goats after Sungri/96 PPRV vaccination

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