Comparative investigation into the corrosion of different bronze alloys suitable for outdoor sculptures

Gallese, Fortunata; Laguzzi, Giuseppe; Luvidi, Loredana; Ferrari, Vincenzo; Takács, S.; Cesa, Gabriella Venturi Pagani

doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2007.11.015

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The well‐defined Raman band at 220 cm –1 in the spectrum of the brown patina (Fig. (a)) is characteristic for cuprous oxide Cu 2 O (cuprite), which shows that some oxidation of the bronze occurred also during the treatment of the sample with the 3% solution of K 2 S. The XRD pattern shown in Fig. (a) confirms the presence of copper sulphide, with the strongest line at 46.5°.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Raman investigation of artificial patinas on recent bronze – Part I: climatic chamber exposure

Ropret

Kosec

2012

J Raman Spectroscopy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In humid air, copper and its high copper alloys (bronze) tend to form an oxide layer (patina). Natural patinas protect copper and its alloys from further corrosion processes. On the other hand, artists have frequently deliberately patinated bronze for visual effects. Thus, it is of great importance to study the patina changing mechanism to follow its chemical changes and to predict in advance the likely corrosion processes. Green chloride and green nitrate patinas, applied over the brown artist's patina, were tested, and also brown patina and the patina that develops on bare bronze. The Raman spectra were studied after chemical patination, and after exposing the patina samples in a climatic chamber, which can produce an environment that resembles an industrial atmosphere, for 12 weeks. The structures of the patinas and of the corrosion products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Cuprite and cuprous sulfite were found on the brown patina, atacamite on the green chloride patina, and a mixture of gerhardite and rouaite on the blue to green nitrate type patina. After 12 weeks of exposure to humidity, a controlled concentration of SO 2 , and salt spray mist, the corrosion products changed. In general, clinoatacamite and paratacamite are the end corrosion products, after an intermediate brochantite stage on the green chloride and green nitrate type patinas. The end products of each patina type are given.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Because of environmental aspects there have been many attempts to reduce the lead content in bronzes, which are thus referred to as recent type bronze. In comparison to CuSnZnPb alloys, the former has a more reddish compound in its shade.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman investigation of artificial patinas on recent bronze – Part I: climatic chamber exposure

Ropret

Kosec

2012

J Raman Spectroscopy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…(d)], only the bands arising from the patina could be noticed. The broader band, with several maxima in the region between 350 and 700 cm −1 , suggests the presence of Cu and Sn oxides, whereas the well‐defined bands at 218 and 146 cm −1 suggest the presence of cuprite . The weak band at 289 cm −1 could also indicate the presence of Cu 2 S …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman investigation of artificial patinas on recent bronze protected by different azole type inhibitors in an outdoor environment

Kosec

Legat

Ropret

2014

J Raman Spectroscopy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bronze surfaces, as well as prepatinated surfaces on bronze, undergo chemical and visual changes when exposed to humid and polluted environments. For this reason, it is important to study the effectiveness of corrosion inhibitors on patinated‐bronze surfaces. The aim of this study was to investigate different protection systems for patinated bronze, which are based on the use of two azole type inhibitors: 2‐mercaptobenzimidazole and benzotriazole. The results of our practice confirmed that these inhibitors were very effective when immersed in a corrosive solution containing inhibitor for 24 h. The inhibited layers were then protected by a water‐repellant layer. In the case of the studied patinas, green chloride and green nitrate patinas, applied over the brown artist's patina, were tested, as well as brown patina and the patina that develops on bare bronze. The study was performed after each chemical patination and the application of the two different inhibitors. The inhibition systems used on the different chemically achieved patinas were characterized by Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical techniques. The results of the Raman studies showed a chemical interaction of both inhibitors with copper and bronze but a versatile interaction between the inhibitors and the different patinas. The chemical interaction of benzotriazole was observed on the nitrate patina, whereas the mercaptobenzimidazole showed interaction also with the chloride‐type patina. Electrochemical tests proved the interaction, which had been detected by Raman spectroscopy. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

show abstract

“…In the present paper the effect of the presence of long aliphatic chains (linear and branched) in the BTA molecule has been studied. A comparative determination of the anticorrosive behaviour of: 1,2,3 benzotriazole (BTA); 5-hexyl-1,2,3 benzotriazole (C6-BTA); 5-dodecyl-1,2,3 benzotriazole (C12-BTA) and [5-(1-undecyl)dodecyl]-1,2,3-benzotriazole (bisC11-BTA) has been carried out by TLA [19][20][21] and gravimetric techniques, after artificial ageing of B6 bronze specimens coated with the different inhibitors. A preliminary evaluation of the protective efficiency of the same BTA alkyl derivatives has also been performed through electrochemical measurements.…”

Section: Contents Lists Available At Sciencedirectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the anticorrosive properties of benzotriazole alkyl derivatives on 6% Sn bronze alloy

Laguzzi

Luvidi

2010

Surface and Coatings Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Comparative investigation into the corrosion of different bronze alloys suitable for outdoor sculptures

Cited by 18 publications

References 4 publications

Raman investigation of artificial patinas on recent bronze – Part I: climatic chamber exposure

Raman investigation of artificial patinas on recent bronze – Part I: climatic chamber exposure

Raman investigation of artificial patinas on recent bronze protected by different azole type inhibitors in an outdoor environment

Evaluation of the anticorrosive properties of benzotriazole alkyl derivatives on 6% Sn bronze alloy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About