Comparative metabolomics analysis of different sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) tissues reveals a tissue-specific accumulation of metabolites

Abstract

Background Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) leaves, flowers, especially seeds are used in traditional medicine to prevent or cure various diseases. Its seed’s market is expanding. However, the other tissues are still underexploited due to the lack of information related to metabolites distribution and variability in the plant. Herein, the metabolite profiles of five sesame tissues (leaves, fresh seeds, white and purple flowers, and fresh carpels) have been investigated using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS)-based widely targeted metabolomics analysis platform. Results In total, 776 metabolites belonging to diverse classes were qualitatively and quantitatively identified. The different tissues exhibited obvious differences in metabolites composition. The majority of flavonoids predominantly accumulated in flowers. Amino acids and derivatives, and lipids were identified predominantly in fresh seeds followed by flowers. Many metabolites, including quinones, coumarins, tannins, vitamins, terpenoids and some bioactive phenolic acids (acteoside, isoacteoside, verbascoside, plantamajoside, etc.) accumulated mostly in leaves. Lignans were principally detected in seeds. 238 key significantly differential metabolites were filtered out. KEGG annotation and enrichment analyses of the differential metabolites revealed that flavonoid biosynthesis, amino acids biosynthesis, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis were the main differently regulated pathways. In addition to the tissue-specific accumulation of metabolites, we noticed a cooperative relationship between leaves, fresh carpels, and developing seeds in terms of metabolites transfer. Delphinidin-3-O-(6ʺ-O-p-coumaroyl)glucoside and most of the flavonols were up-regulated in the purple flowers indicating they might be responsible for the purple coloration. Conclusion This study revealed that the metabolic processes in the sesame tissues are differently regulated. It offers valuable resources for investigating gene-metabolites interactions in sesame tissues and examining metabolic transports during seed development in sesame. Furthermore, our findings provide crucial knowledge that will facilitate sesame biomass valorization.

The Dark Pigment in the Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Seed Coat: Isolation, Characterization, and Its Potential Precursors

“…The aim was to investigate the effect of extraction solvents on sesame seed's metabolome profile and reveal the potential precursors of the sesame melanin. The UPLC-MS/MS-based widely targeted metabolomics analysis approach ( 9 , 31 ) was applied, and three varieties of black and white sesame seeds were tested ( Supplementary Table S1 and Supplementary Figure S1 ). In general, the total number of identified metabolites varied from 351 to 403 and 462 to 468 in NaOH and 70 % methanol extracts, respectively ( Supplementary Table S1 ).…”

“…Next, they were centrifugated at 12,000 rpm for 10 min, and the supernatants were collected separately and filtrated through a 0.22 μm micropore membrane (SCAA-104, ANPEL, Shanghai, China). The extracts were conserved at −20°C up to the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-QqQLIT-MS/MS) analysis ( 9 , 31 ). The QC (quality control) samples were prepared by mixing the different seed extracts.…”

“…The QC (quality control) samples were prepared by mixing the different seed extracts. The metabolomics analysis and the qualitative and quantitative analyses of metabolites were performed similarly as we reported recently ( 9 , 10 ).…”

In Vitro and in Silico Analysis of Phytochemicals From Fallopia dentatoalata as Dual Functional Cholinesterase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

“…In this study, thirty-four compounds ( 1 – 34 ) were isolated from the aerial parts of F. dentatoalata via extensive column chromatography. These were identified as apigenin ( 1 ) ( Ha et al, 2012 ), isovitexin ( 2 ) ( Jayasinghe et al, 2004 ), kaempferol ( 3 ) ( Fukai and Nomura, 1988 ), afzelin ( 4 ) ( Xu et al, 2009 ), astragalin ( 5 ) ( Otsuka et al, 1989 ), kaempferol-3-​rutinoside ( 6 ) ( de Sa de Sousa Nogueira et al, 2013 ), luteolin ( 7 ) ( Zhang et al, 2015 ), quercetin ( 8 ) ( Lesjak et al, 2018 ), guaijaverin ( 9 ) ( Yoshida et al, 1992 ), hyperoside ( 10 ) ( Isaza et al, 2001 ), tamarixetin-​3-​rhamnoside ( 11 ) ( Norman et al, 2021 ), quercitrin ( 12 ) ( Chen et al, 2008 ), isoquercitrin ( 13 ) ( Jin et al, 2009 ), rutin ( 14 ) ( Kazuma et al, 2003 ), quercetin-​3-​ O -​robinoside ( 15 ) ( Dossou et al, 2021 ), myricetin ( 16 ) ( Zhang et al, 2004 ), myricitrin ( 17 ) ( Kil et al, 2019 ), (+)-​catechin ( 18 ) ( Foo et al, 1997 ), (-)-​epicatechin ( 19 ) ( Lin and Lee, 2010 ), zizyflavoside B ( 20 ) ( Yang et al, 2020 ), emodin ( 21 ) ( Meselhy, 2003 ), physcion ( 22 ) ( Jo et al, 2011 ), glucofrangulin A ( 23 ) ( Bezabih and Abegaz, 1998 ), torachrysone-​8-​ O -​β-​D-​glucoside ( 24 ) ( Zhao et al, 2017 ), polydatin ( 25 ) ( Yi et al, 2020 ), tetrahydroxystilbene​-​2-​ O -​β-​D-​glucoside ( 26 ) ( Tsai et al, 2018 ), ( E )-2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene-2- O -(2″- O -galloyl)-β-D-glucoside ( 27 ) ( Nguyen et al, 2020 ), protocatechuic acid ( 28 ) ( Meng et al, 2021b ), gallic acid ( 29 ) ( Chen et al, 2021 ), lapathoside B ( 30 ) ( Takasaki et al, 2001 ), vanicoside B ( 31 ) ( Kumagai et al, 2005 ), lapathoside A ( 32 ) ( Takasaki et al, 2001 ), smilaside J ( 33 ) ( Zhang et al, 2008 ), and smilaside G ( 34 ) ( Takasaki et al, ...…”

Comprehensive metabolomics analysis of key taste components in different varieties of table grapes

“…In addition, this is an ideal method for the analysis of biosynthesis and F I G U R E 1 Mature table grapes samples used in this study accumulation of quality-related metabolites in plants [17]. LC-MS-based metabolomics has been successfully applied to metabolite differences in diverse varieties, such as sea cucumber [18], sesame [19], and white tea [20].…”