Comparative Microbiological and Whole-Genome Analysis of Staphylococcus aureus Populations in the Oro-Nasal Cavities, Skin and Diabetic Foot Ulcers of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Reveals a Possible Oro-Nasal Reservoir for Ulcer Infection

McManus, Brenda A.; Daly, Blánaid; Polyzois, Ioannis; Wilson, Pauline; Brennan, Gráinne I.; Fleming, Tanya E; Grealy, Liam; Healy, Marie-Louise; Coleman, David C.

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.00748

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“… 39 FOSB has been found to be associated with antimicrobial drug resistance, thereby hindering the healing of DFU. 40 Increased expression of c‐JUN is associated with reduced production of matrix metalloproteinases, promoting wound healing in diabetic mice. 41 Hyperglycaemia mediates increased JUND expression, promoting the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IL‐17A+ CD8+ T cells are located in the epidermis, enhancing innate barrier immunity and limiting pathogen invasion 39 . FOSB has been found to be associated with antimicrobial drug resistance, thereby hindering the healing of DFU 40 . Increased expression of c‐JUN is associated with reduced production of matrix metalloproteinases, promoting wound healing in diabetic mice 41 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of potential immunologic resilience in the healing process of diabetic foot ulcers

Cheng,

Ren,

Niyazi

et al. 2023

International Wound Journal

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Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are one of the most common and challenging complications of diabetes, yet our understanding of their pathogenesis remains limited. We collected gene expression data of DFU patients from public databases. Bioinformatics tools were applied for systematic analysis, including the identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) and enrichment analysis. We further used single‐cell RNA sequencing to identify the distribution of different cell populations in DFU. Finally, key results were validated using reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) and flow cytometry. We identified 217 DEGs between ulcerated and healthy skin, and 37 DEGs between healing ulcers and ulcers. WGCNA revealed that the cyan module had the highest positive correlation with healthy skin and negative correlation with ulcers. The black module had the highest negative correlation with healthy skin and positive correlation with ulcers. Enrichment analysis showed that the genes in the cyan module were mainly associated with complement and coagulation cascades, while the genes in the black module were mainly associated with the IL‐17 signalling pathway. In addition, CD8 T cells were significantly lower in ulcers than in healthy and healing ulcers. By comparing marker genes of CD8 T cells, we identified key genes in the cyan and black modules and validated their expression using RT‐qPCR. The proportion of CD8 T cells was increased in healing ulcers. Flow cytometry detected increased levels of CD8 T, B and natural killer cells in healing ulcers. CD8 T cells and related key genes play an important role in the healing process of DFU. The results of this study provide a new perspective for understanding the pathogenesis and treatment of DFU.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of potential immunologic resilience in the healing process of diabetic foot ulcers

Cheng,

Ren,

Niyazi

et al. 2023

International Wound Journal

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“…In general, these results suggest the dissemination of typical HA-MRSA clones in the community. Staphylococci are also one of the most predominantly found in diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) [ 59 , 60 ]. In Portugal, several studies have investigated the organisms responsible for DFU infections and some have also investigated the frequency and genetic lineages of MRSA from diabetic foot ulcers [ 29 , 59 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 ].…”

Section: Mrsa In Portugalmentioning

confidence: 99%

MRSA in Humans, Pets and Livestock in Portugal: Where We Came from and Where We Are Going

et al. 2022

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Over the years, molecular typing of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) has allowed for the identification of endemic MRSA strains and pathogenic strains. After reaching a peak of predominance in a given geographic region, MRSA strains are usually replaced by a new strain. This process is called clonal replacement and is observed worldwide. The worldwide spread of hospital-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA), community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) and livestock-associated MRSA (LA-MRSA) clones over the last few decades has allowed this microorganism to be currently considered a pandemic. In Portugal, most HA-MRSA infections are associated with EMRSA-15 (S22-IV), New York/Japan (ST5-II) and Iberian (ST247-I) clones. Regarding the strains found in the community, many of them are frequently associated with the hospital environment, namely the Pediatric, Brazilian and Iberian clones. On the other hand, a strain that is typically found in animals, MRSA clonal complex (CC) 398, has been described in humans as colonizing and causing infections. The ST398 clone is found across all animal species, particularly in farm animals where the economic impact of LA-MRSA infections can have disastrous consequences for industries. In contrast, the EMRSA-15 clone seems to be more related to companion animals. The objective of this review is to better understand the MRSA epidemiology because it is, undoubtedly, an important public health concern that requires more attention, in order to achieve an effective response in all sectors.

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“…Therefore, bacteriocins are thought to be involved in the exclusion and symbiosis of other bacteria in the oral cavity. S. epidermidis is also found in oral cavity [17,18]. Some S. epidermidis are known to produce antimicrobial peptides known as bacteriocins, including epidermin [19][20][21], Pep5 [21][22][23], epilancin K7 [21,24], epilancin 15X [25,26], epicidin 280 [27] and Nukacin IVK-45 [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complete sequences of epidermin and nukacin encoding plasmids from oral-derived Staphylococcus epidermidis and their antibacterial activity

Nakazono

Kawada‐Matsuo

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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Staphylococcus epidermidis is a commensal bacterium in humans. To persist in the bacterial flora of the host, some bacteria produce antibacterial factors such as the antimicrobial peptides known as bacteriocins. In this study, we tried to isolate bacteriocin-producing S. epidermidis strains. Among 150 S. epidermidis isolates from the oral cavities of 287 volunteers, we detected two bacteriocin-producing strains, KSE56 and KSE650. Complete genome sequences of the two strains confirmed that they carried the epidermin-harboring plasmid pEpi56 and the nukacin IVK45-like-harboring plasmid pNuk650. The amino acid sequence of epidermin from KSE56 was identical to the previously reported sequence, but the epidermin synthesis-related genes were partially different. The prepeptide amino acid sequences of nukacin KSE650 and nukacin IVK45 showed one mismatch, but both mature peptides were entirely similar. pNuk650 was larger and had an additional seven ORFs compared to pIVK45. We then investigated the antibacterial activity of the two strains against several skin and oral bacteria and found their different activity patterns. In conclusion, we report the complete sequences of 2 plasmids coding for bacteriocins from S. epidermidis, which were partially different from those previously reported. Furthermore, this is the first report to show the complete sequence of an epidermin-carrying plasmid, pEpi56.

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Comparative Microbiological and Whole-Genome Analysis of Staphylococcus aureus Populations in the Oro-Nasal Cavities, Skin and Diabetic Foot Ulcers of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Reveals a Possible Oro-Nasal Reservoir for Ulcer Infection

Cited by 12 publications

References 33 publications

Identification of potential immunologic resilience in the healing process of diabetic foot ulcers

Identification of potential immunologic resilience in the healing process of diabetic foot ulcers

MRSA in Humans, Pets and Livestock in Portugal: Where We Came from and Where We Are Going

Complete sequences of epidermin and nukacin encoding plasmids from oral-derived Staphylococcus epidermidis and their antibacterial activity

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