Comparative Morphology of Leaf Epidermis in Eight Populations of Atlas Pistachio (<i>Pistacia atlantica</i> Desf., Anacardiaceae)

Leaves surfaces have various structures with specific functions and contribute to the relationship with the environment. On morphological studies are analyzed various parameters, ranging from macro scale through the micro scale to the nanometer scale, which contribute to the study of taxonomy, pharmacognosy, and ecology, among others. Functional structures found in leaves are responsible for the wide variety of surfaces and some behaviors are given in terms of cellular adaptation and the presence or absence of wax. This study reports the characterization of Anacardium occidentale L. leaf surface and the techniques used therein. A set of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) images performed on fresh leaf allowed observation of textured and heterogeneous profiles on both sides. SCANNING 38:329-335, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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“…According to Belhadj et al . (), differences in the density of trichomes of the Anacardiaceae are due to different climatic conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Studies on the ultrastructure in Anacardium occidentale L. leaves from Amazon in northern Brazil by scanning microscopy

2015

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“…The species grows well on clay or silty soils, although it can thrive also on calcareous rocks where roots develop inside cracks. Hence, P. atlantica has a wide ecological plasticity as also shown by Belhadj et al (2007) through leaf epidermis analysis. For all these reasons, P. atlantica is used in re-planting projects in Algeria but only few studies are carried out on the infraspecific variability of this plant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inter-population variability of leaf morpho-anatomical and terpenoid patterns of Pistacia atlantica Desf. ssp. atlantica growing along an aridity gradient in Algeria

Said

Fernandez

Greff

et al. 2011

Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants

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a b s t r a c tThree Algerian populations of female Pistacia atlantica shrubs were investigated in order to check whether their terpenoid contents and morpho-anatomical parameters may characterize the infraspecific variability. The populations were sampled along a gradient of increasing aridity from the Atlas mountains into the northwestern Central Sahara.As evidenced by Scanning Electron Microscopy, tufted hairs could be found only on seedling leaves from the low aridity site as a population-specific trait preserved also in culture. Under common garden cultivation seedlings of the high aridity site showed a three times higher density of glandular trichomes compared to the low aridity site. Increased aridity resulted also in reduction of leaf sizes while their thickness increased. Palisade parenchyma thickness also increases with aridity, being the best variable that discriminates the three populations of P. atlantica.Analysis of terpenoids from the leaves carried out by GC-MS reveals the presence of 65 compounds. The major compounds identified were spathulenol (23 g g −1 dw), ␣-pinene (10 g g −1 dw), verbenone (7 g g −1 dw) and ␤-pinene (6 g g −1 dw) in leaves from the low aridity site; spathulenol (73 g g −1 dw), ␣-pinene (25 g g −1 dw), ␤-pinene (18 g g −1 dw) and ␥-amorphene (16 g g −1 dw) in those from medium aridity and spathulenol (114 g g −1 dw), ␣-pinene (49 g g −1 dw), germacrene D (29 g g −1 dw) and camphene (23 g g −1 dw) in leaves from the high aridity site. Terpene concentrations increased with the degree of aridity: the highest mean concentration of monoterpenes (136 g g −1 dw), sesquiterpenes (290 g g −1 dw) and total terpenes (427 g g −1 dw) were observed in the highest arid site and are, respectively, 3-, 5-and 4-fold higher compared to the lower arid site. Spathulenol and ␣-pinene can be taken as chemical markers of aridity. Drought discriminating compounds in low, but detectable concentrations are ␦-cadinene and ␤-copaene. The functional roles of the terpenoids found in P. atlantica leaves and principles of their biosynthesis are discussed with emphasis on the mechanisms of plant resistance to drought conditions.

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“…Metcalfe and Chalk (1957) described several types of trichomes in Anacardium occidentale leaves, indicating the presence of glandular trichomes with thin layers of secretion and Jaiswal et al (2012) observed the presence of tector trichomes on adaxial face. According to Belhadj et al (2007), differences in density of trichomes in Anacardiaceae are related to different climatic conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<b>Wettability and morphology of the leaf surface in cashew tree from the Amazon, Northern Brazil

Ramos

Albuquerque

Ferreira

et al. 2016

Acta Sci. Biol. Sci.

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ABSTRACT. Leaves surfaces, which represent an interface with plants and the environment, have several structures with specific functions. Some foliar properties, including wettability and mechanical containment, are inferred in terms of cellular adaptation and the presence or absence of cuticular wax. Various morphological parameters, ranging from macro-to nano scales, are analyzed and contribute to the study of taxonomy, pharmacognosy, and ecology of plants. The aim of this paper was to analyze the effect and influence of epicuticular wax granules on the hydrophobicity of Anacardium occidentale L. leaf surfaces. Leaf specimens were directly examined with an environmental scanning electron microscope without metal coating. Images revealed epidermis ornament, stomata type, was, and trichomes. Static contact angle between water and the surface was also measured on both sides. On the adaxial side, an angle of 104.09° ± 0.95° was found, suggesting that adaxial surface is hydrophobic. On the abaxial side, the angle was 62.20° ± 1.60°, which indicates a hydrophilic nature, probably because of the greater amount of epicuticular wax on the adaxial leaf surface. The present investigation provided an important contribution to morphological and ultrastructural characterization of leaves of cashew tree, which is a plant of great medicinal and economic importance.Keywords: hydrophobic, hydrophilic, Anacardium occidentale L., wax.Molhabilidade e morfologia da superfície da folha em cajueiro da Amazônia na Região Norte do Brasil RESUMO. Superfícies de folhas têm diversas estruturas com funções específicas e contribuem para a relação delas com o meio ambiente. Algumas propriedades foliares, incluindo molhabilidade e contenção mecânica, são inferidas em termos de adaptação celular e da presença ou ausência de cera cuticular. Diversos parâmetros morfológicos, variando da macroescala até a nanoescala, são analisados e contribuem para o estudo de taxonomia, farmacognosia e ecologia de plantas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o efeito e a influência de grãos de cera epicuticular na hidrofobicidade da superfície de folhas de Anacardium occidentale L. Amostras de folha foram examinadas com um microscópio eletrônico de varredura ambiental sem recobrimento metálico. As imagens evidenciaram algumas características (epiderme, tipo de estômato, cera e tricomas). O ângulo de contato estático entre a água e a superfície também foi medido em ambos os lados. No lado adaxial, foi encontrado um ângulo de 104,09° ± 0,95°, sugerindo que esta é hidrofóbica. No lado abaxial, o ângulo foi de 62,20° ± 1,60°, que indica uma natureza hidrofílica, provavelmente devido à grande quantidade de cera epicuticular na superfície abaxial da folha. A presente investigação forneceu uma contribuição importante para a caracterização morfológica e ultra-estrutural de folhas de cajueiro, que é uma planta de grande importância econômica.Palavras-chave: hidrofóbico, hidrofílico, Anacardium occidentale L., cera.

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Comparative Morphology of Leaf Epidermis in Eight Populations of Atlas Pistachio (Pistacia atlantica Desf., Anacardiaceae)

Cited by 42 publications

References 21 publications

Studies on the ultrastructure in Anacardium occidentale L. leaves from Amazon in northern Brazil by scanning microscopy

Studies on the ultrastructure in Anacardium occidentale L. leaves from Amazon in northern Brazil by scanning microscopy

Inter-population variability of leaf morpho-anatomical and terpenoid patterns of Pistacia atlantica Desf. ssp. atlantica growing along an aridity gradient in Algeria

<b>Wettability and morphology of the leaf surface in cashew tree from the Amazon, Northern Brazil

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