Comparative mutagenic activity of atmospheric particulate matter from limeira, stockholm, and kyoto

Self Cite

The extractable organic material (EOM) from atmospheric total suspended particles (TSP) contains several organic compounds including non‐substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), alkyl‐PAHs, and nitro‐PAHs. These chemicals seem to be among the key drivers of TSP genotoxicity. We have shown previously that the mutagenic potencies of the EOM from Limeira, Stockholm, and Kyoto, cities with markedly different meteorological conditions and pollution sources are similar. Here we compare the profiles of non‐substituted PAHs (27 congeners), alkyl‐PAHs (15 congeners), and nitro‐PAHs (7 congeners) from the same EOM samples from these cities. We also compared the genotoxicity profiles using comet and micronucleus assays in human bronchial epithelial cells. The profiles of PAHs, as well as the cytotoxic and genotoxic potencies when expressed in EOM, were quite similar among the studied cities. It seems that despite the differences in meteorological conditions and pollution sources of the cities, removal, mixing, and different atmospheric transformation processes may be contributing to the similarity of the PAHs composition and genotoxicity profiles. More studies are required to verify if this would be a general rule applicable to other cities. Although these profiles were similar for all three cities, the EOM concentration in the atmospheres is markedly different. Thus, the population of Limeira (∼10‐fold more EOM/m3 than Stockholm and ∼6‐fold more than Kyoto) is exposed to higher concentrations of genotoxic pollutants, and Kyoto's population is 1.5‐fold more exposed than Stockholm's. Therefore, to reduce the risk of human exposure to TSP genotoxins, the volume of emissions needs to be reduced.

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Similar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and genotoxicity profiles of atmospheric particulate matter from cities on three different continents

Maselli

Cunha

Lim

et al. 2020

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Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of combustion emissions are impacted more by combustor technology than by fuel composition: A brief review

DeMarini

Linak

2022

Studies during the past 50 years have characterized the carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of extractable organic material (EOM) of particulate matter (PM) in ambient air and from combustion emissions. We have summarized conclusions from these studies and present data supporting those conclusions for 50 combustion emissions, including carcinogenic potencies on mouse skin (papillomas/mouse/mg EOM), mutagenic potencies (revertants/μg EOM) in the Salmonella (Ames) mutagenicity assay, and mutagenicity emission factors (revertants/kg fuel or revertants/MJthermal) in Salmonella. Mutagenic potencies of EOM from PM in ambient air and combustion emissions span 1–2 orders of magnitude, respectively. In contrast, the revertants/m3 span >5 orders of magnitude due to variable PM concentrations in ambient air. Carcinogenic potencies of EOM from combustion emissions on mouse skin and EOM‐associated human lung cancer risk from those emissions both span ~3 orders of magnitude and are highly associated. The ubiquitous presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nitroarenes, and aromatic amines results in mutagenic and carcinogenic potencies of PM that span only 1–3 orders of magnitude; most PM induces primarily G to T mutations. Mutagenicity emission factors of combustion emissions span 3–5 orders of magnitude and correlate with PAH emission factors (r > 0.9). Mutagenicity emission factors were largely a function of how material was burned (highly efficient modern combustors versus open burning) rather than what materials were burned. Combustion systems that minimize kinetic and mass‐transfer limitations and promote complete oxidation also minimize the mutagenicity of their emissions. This fundamental engineering principle can inform environmental and public health assessments of combustion emissions.

Mutagenicity of the Danube River: The contribution of liquid phase and particulate suspended matter

Morales

Massei

Schulze

et al. 2022

Bioassays have been used to complement the chemical characterization of aquatic mutagenicity, but the tests sometimes are done only with water liquid phase (LP). Particlebound mutagens are important because they can be ingested by filtering organisms. Our objective was to evaluate the mutagenicity of organic extracts of the LP and the water suspended particulate matter (SPM) from 13 sites along Danube River with the Salmonella/microsome microsuspension assay using TA98, YG1041, TA1538, and YG5185 strains. A high incidence of mutagenicity was detected, 84% for LP and 92% for SPM samples. The contribution of SPM to the mutagenicity was relatively small when compared with LP however, for five sites SPM was responsible for the whole mutagenicity, highlighting the importance of analyzing SPM when assessing water mutagenicity.YG1041 was the most sensitive strain and should be considered in future water mutagenicity monitoring programs, but it will depend on the main pollution sources.