Comparative pathogenesis of two genotype VI.2 avian paramyxovirus type-1 viruses (APMV-1) in pheasants, partridges and chickens

Ross, Craig; Sutton, David; Skinner, Paul; Mahmood, Sahar; Wynne, Felicity J.; Löndt, Brandon Z.; Fuller, Chad M.; Mayers, Jo; Núñez, Alejandro; Hicks, Daniel; Brookes, Sharon M; Banyard, Ashley C.; Brown, Ian H.

doi:10.1080/03079457.2022.2133680

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…For instance, mice enhance ciliary activity and mucociliary clearance when infected with the influenza A virus [59]. However, pathogens can counter almost every host defense by suppressing and evading the host immune machinery [60,61]. Tactics of the pathogens, such as downregulating ciliogenesis regulatory genes (Robinot et al, 2021), targeting ciliated epithelial cells [62], and hijacking cilia to cross the nasal epithelium barrier [63] highlight the vital role of cilia in host-pathogen interactions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concurrent loss of ciliary genesWDR93andCFAP46in phylogenetically distant birds

Girish,

Kurian,

Vijay

2023

Preprint

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The respiratory system is the primary route of infection for many contagious pathogens. Mucociliary clearance of inhaled pathogens is an important innate defense mechanism sustained by the rhythmic movement of epithelial cilia. To counter host defenses, viral pathogens target epithelial cells and cilia. For instance, the influenza virus modulates the expression of WDR93, a central ciliary apparatus C1d projection component. Lineage-specific prevalence of such host defense genes results in differential susceptibility. Our comparative analysis of ~500 vertebrate genomes supports the widespread conservation of WDR93. However, we identified loss of the WDR93 in landfowl, geese, and other phylogenetically-independent bird species. Notably, species with WDR93 loss have concurrently lost another C1d component, CFAP46, through large segmental deletions. Understanding the consequences of such gene loss may provide insight into their role in host-pathogen interactions and benefit global pathogen surveillance efforts by prioritizing species missing host defense genes and identifying putative zoonotic reservoirs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concurrent loss of ciliary genesWDR93andCFAP46in phylogenetically distant birds

Girish,

Kurian,

Vijay

2023

Preprint

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“…For instance, mice enhance ciliary activity and mucociliary clearance when infected with the influenza A virus [ 65 ]. However, pathogens can counter almost every host defence by suppressing and evading the host immune machinery [ 66 , 67 ]. Tactics of the pathogens, such as down-regulating ciliogenesis regulatory genes [ 68 ], targeting ciliated epithelial cells [ 69 ] and hijacking cilia to cross the nasal epithelium barrier [ 70 ], highlight the vital role of cilia in host–pathogen interactions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concurrent loss of ciliary genes WDR93 and CFAP46 in phylogenetically distant birds

Salve,

Kurian,

Vijay

2023

R. Soc. open sci.

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The respiratory system is the primary route of infection for many contagious pathogens. Mucociliary clearance of inhaled pathogens is an important innate defence mechanism sustained by the rhythmic movement of epithelial cilia. To counter host defences, viral pathogens target epithelial cells and cilia. For instance, the avian influenza virus that targets ciliated cells modulates the expression of WDR93 , a central ciliary apparatus C1d projection component. Lineage-specific prevalence of such host defence genes results in differential susceptibility. In this study, the comparative analysis of approximately 500 vertebrate genomes from seven taxonomic classes spanning 73 orders confirms the widespread conservation of WDR93 across these different vertebrate groups. However, we established loss of the WDR93 in landfowl, geese and other phylogenetically independent bird species due to gene-disrupting changes. The lack of WDR93 transcripts in species with gene loss in contrast to its expression in species with an intact gene confirms gene loss. Notably, species with WDR93 loss have concurrently lost another C1d component, CFAP46 , through large segmental deletions. Understanding the consequences of such gene loss may provide insight into their role in host–pathogen interactions and benefit global pathogen surveillance efforts by prioritizing species missing host defence genes and identifying putative zoonotic reservoirs.

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“…All birds were screened for anti-AOAV-1 antibodies using a hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test (Villegas, 2006). Housing and treatments were as described previously [ 22 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Swabs were taken for molecular testing and processed as described previously [ 22 ]. Total nucleic acid was extracted from swab samples, which were then assessed using the molecular assays as described previously [ 27 ] with Ct values < 37 being considered AOAV-1 positive.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is limited information regarding the infections of partridges with AOAV-1, other than the UK outbreak, although velogenic ND has been noted in partridges at US customs [ 21 ]. Experimental infections of game birds with genotype VI.2 AOAV-1 (commonly associated with PPMV-1) has demonstrated differing shedding and transmission dynamics between pheasant and partridges [ 22 ]. Furthermore, the game bird industry involves the international movement of birds and their products, activities that have been previously linked to ND outbreaks [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Game Birds Can Act as Intermediaries of Virulent Genotype VII Avian Orthoavulavirus-1 between Wild Birds and Domestic Poultry

Ross

Skinner

Sutton

et al. 2023

Viruses

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Newcastle Disease (ND), caused by virulent forms of Avian orthoavulavirus serotype-1 (AOAV-1) is an economically important avian disease worldwide. The past two incursions of ND into the United Kingdom occurred in game bird populations during 2005 and 2006. The nature of the game bird semi-feral rearing system, which can bring these birds into close contact with both wild birds and commercial or backyard poultry, has been hypothesized to act as a bridge between these two environments. As such, the risk that AOAV-1-infected game birds may pose to the UK poultry industry was investigated. Pheasants, partridges and chickens were experimentally infected with the virulent strain APMV-1/Chicken/Bulgaria/112/13, a genotype VII.2 virus associated with ND outbreaks in Eastern Europe. The study demonstrated that both chickens and pheasants are susceptible to infection with APMV-1/Chicken/Bulgaria/112/13, which results in high mortality and onward transmission. Partridges by contrast are susceptible to infection, but mortality was reduced, as was onward transmission. However, the data indicated that both pheasants and partridges may serve as intermediate hosts of AOAV-1 and may bridge the wild bird–domestic poultry interface enabling transmission into an economically damaging environment where morbidity and mortality may be high.

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Comparative pathogenesis of two genotype VI.2 avian paramyxovirus type-1 viruses (APMV-1) in pheasants, partridges and chickens

Cited by 7 publications

References 26 publications

Concurrent loss of ciliary genesWDR93andCFAP46in phylogenetically distant birds

Concurrent loss of ciliary genesWDR93andCFAP46in phylogenetically distant birds

Concurrent loss of ciliary genes WDR93 and CFAP46 in phylogenetically distant birds

Game Birds Can Act as Intermediaries of Virulent Genotype VII Avian Orthoavulavirus-1 between Wild Birds and Domestic Poultry

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