Comparative Phytochemical Investigation, Antioxidant, Anticancer and Dna Cleavage Activity of Different Kadam Extracts on Cancer and Non Cancer Cell Lines

Abstract

INTRODUCTION Anthocephalus indicus; A. indicus (family, Rubiaceae: Hindi name Kadam) is one such Ayurvedic remedy that has been mentioned in many ancient Indian medical literatures which possess antidiarrhoeal, detoxifier, analgesic and aphrodisiac properties (1, 2). The plant is found in plenty throughout India especially at low levels in wet places. In traditional system of remedies, warm extract of Kadam leaves have been used to alleviate pain, swelling and for cleansing and better healing of wounds as well as for the treatment of menorrhigia. The decoction of bark of this plant is effective in diarrhea, dysentery and colitis. The root extract of Kadam is salutary in urinary ailments like dysurea, calculi and glycosuria. Chemical investigation of Kadam has shown that heartwood and leaves of this plant contain cadambine, 3α and 3β isomers of dihydrocadambine and isodihydrocadambine (3, 4). Stem bark contains cadambagic acid along with quinovic acid and β sitosterol (5). A complex ABSTRACT Cancer is a major cause of mortality worldwide and is characterized by the deregulation of signaling pathways with uncontrolled cell division and growth of cells. According to GLOBOCAN 2018 statistics, global cancer burden has risen to 18.1 million cases and 9.6 million deaths from cancer. In the present scenario, human beings are suffering with different type of cancer. Many drugs and therapies are available to treat cancer including chemotherapy and radiotherapy and the advent of modern synthetic cancer treatment procedures has a major drawback of being expensive and has adverse effects such as normal cell toxicity, anemia, anorexia, bleeding and bruising, constipation, diarrhea, edema, fatigue, hair loss as well as congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, arrhythmia, hypertension and lung problems. As per the World Health Organization (2001), almost 80% of the population is treated through medicines or medicinal formulations which are obtained from plant sources. It is therefore natural that eye balls have turned on alternative system of medicines. Amongst them, Ayurvedic system of medicine stands tall with rich heritage proven non toxic value and centuries of experience and wisdom behind it. It largely relies on herbs and plant products. One such plant is Kadam (Anthocephalus indicus), Kadam (family, Rubiaceae; Hindi name Kadam) is an Ayurvedic remedy that is mentioned in many ancient Indian medical literatures to possess antidiarrhoeal, antioxidant, detoxifier, analgesic etc properties. Cancer cell lines were obtained from National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune, India. Three days extraction of dried Kadam powder in ethanol, aqueous, petroleum ether. For stock preparation, 20mg Kadam fruit extract was dissolved in 1% DMSO and filtered with 0.22 μm syringe filters (Axiva, USA). Dose dependent cytotoxicity of the Kadam fruit extracts were determined by using MTT-assay in the range 20-100μg/mL. Antioxidant potential was determined by DPPH assay. Antibacterial activity was determined by Disk Diffusion Test and...