Comparative protection of two different commercial vaccines against Yersinia ruckeri serotype O1 and biotype 2 in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Deshmukh, Sidhartha; Raida, Martin; Dalsgaard, Inger; Chettri, Jiwan Kumar; Kania, Per W.; Buchmann, Kurt

doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.12.014

Cited by 40 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The eggs were disinfected, incubated, and hatched, and fish fry were initially reared at 7°C until transfer to 1-m 2 tanks (volume, 700 liter each) where the temperature was gradually increased from 7 to 13°C over 2 months. After attaining the juvenile stage (90 days posthatching [1,170 degree days]), the rainbow trout (1,800 in total) were randomly segregated to six parent tanks (i.e., three duplicate groups with 300 fish per tank) (18). Degree days are computed as the integral of a function of time that generally varies with temperature.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fish were immunized as previously described (18). Two commercial vaccines, i.e., AquaVac ERM (a bacterin consisting of formalin-inactivated Y. ruckeri biotype 1 at 5 ϫ 10 9 CFU/ml) and AquaVac RELERA (a bacterin with Y. ruckeri biotype 1 at 5 ϫ 10 9 CFU/ml and EX5 biogroup Y. ruckeri biotype 2 at 5 ϫ 10 9 cells/ml), were used in the study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2,730 degree days) or 8 m.p.v. (4,290 degree days) to our infection facility at the University of Copenhagen, where they were challenged (18).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At every challenge trial, before infection, head kidney swabs of five randomly selected fish from each duplicate group were tested on blood agar plates in an attempt to analyze and confirm that the fish were free from bacterial infection. Two challenge experiments were carried out (18), and the fish used were grouped as shown in Table 1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The efficacies of the vaccines were previously described as the relative percentages of survival (RPS) (18), where AquaVac RELERA vaccinates showed superior protection (mortality following i.p. challenge, 42.5%) and AquaVac ERM-vaccinated fish had an intermediate mortality of 63.7% but higher survival than nonimmunized fish, which had a mortality of 73.7%.…”

Section: Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insight from Molecular, Pathological, and Immunohistochemical Studies on Cellular and Humoral Mechanisms Responsible for Vaccine-Induced Protection of Rainbow Trout against Yersinia ruckeri

Deshmukh

Kania

Chettri

et al. 2013

Clin. Vaccine Immunol.

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bThe immunological mechanisms associated with protection of vaccinated rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, against enteric redmouth disease (ERM), caused by Yersinia ruckeri, were previously elucidated by the use of gene expression methodology and immunochemical methods. That approach pointed indirectly to both humoral and cellular elements being involved in protection. The present study correlates the level of protection in rainbow trout to cellular reactions in spleen and head kidney and visualizes the processes by applying histopathological, immunohistochemical, and in situ hybridization techniques. It was shown that these cellular reactions, which were more prominent in spleen than in head kidney, were associated with the expression of immune-related genes, suggesting a Th2-like response. Y. ruckeri, as shown by in situ hybridization (ISH), was eliminated within a few days in vaccinated fish, whereas nonprotected fish still harbored bacteria for a week after infection. Vaccinated fish reestablished normal organ structure within a few days, whereas nonprotected fish showed abnormalities up to 1 month postinfection. Protection in the early phase of infection was mainly associated with the expression of genes encoding innate factors (complement factors, lysozyme, and acute phase proteins), but in the later phase of infection, increased expression of adaptive immune genes dominated. The histological approach used has shown that the cellular changes correlated with protection of vaccinated fish. They comprised transformation of resident cells into macrophage-like cells and increased occurrence of CD8␣ and IgM cells, suggesting these cells as main players in protection. Future studies should investigate the causality between these factors and protection.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2,730 degree days) or 8 m.p.v. (4,290 degree days) to our infection facility at the University of Copenhagen, where they were challenged (18).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%