Comparative Structure and Pollen Production of the Stamens and Pollinator-deceptive Staminodes of Commelina coelestis and C. dianthifolia (Commelinaceae)

Hrycan, William; Davis, Arthur R.

doi:10.1093/aob/mci134

Cited by 36 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The styles of hermaphrodite, chasmogamous flowers of C. benghalensis, Commelina forskalaei Vahl. and C. dianthifolia also coil, brushing the stigma against the fertile central stamen (Maheshwari & Maheshwari 1955;Hrycan & Davis 2005). The flowers of C. caroliniana are suggested to be structured for cross-pollination, but autonomous selfing occurs when cross-pollination fails (Kaul & Koul 2008), which is a good explanation for the findings of our study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…In all three species, the stigma coils in first, after which the three different anther types wilt, the petals wilting and folding thereafter. Petal wilting prior to style coiling towards the central stamen, as reported in C. coelestis, creates a barrier that prevents the stigma from coming into contact with the central stamen (Hrycan & Davis 2005), a phenomenon that was not observed in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…In flowers exhibiting autogamy, the stigma and anther are typically in close proximity (Ushimaru & Nakata 2002). In C. coelestis and C. dianthifolia, Hrycan & Davis (2005) observed that the stigma is close to the lateral anther, although the authors found that the central stamen is responsible for autogamy in the latter species. In all three of the species studied here, the stigma did not take pollen from the staminodes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Hrycan & Davis (2005) *Results shown as mean ± standard error; means followed by same letter in the same column indicate that there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the two.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…montana, the low seed-set from staminodes in spontaneous and hand pollination indicated that the staminodes do not play a direct role in the pollination of these species, as observed in other species (Kaul & Koul 2012). This might be explained by the small quantity of pollen, the shorter filaments of the staminodes and the inability of its fertile lobes to dehisce ( Hrycan & Davis (2005) reported that the role of staminodes is unclear in Commelina species. Staminodes that produce pollen rewards are generally sterile (Yeo 1993), which is not exactly the case observed in the present study, in which the percent pollen stainability was high in all variants except C. diffusa subsp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative pollination role of stamens and breeding system in three species of Commelina (Commelinaceae) in Ile-Ife, Nigeria

2013

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This study investigated pollination mechanisms and breeding systems in five Commelina variants: two subspecies of Commelina diffusa (C. diffusa subsp. aquatica and C. diffusa subsp. montana, each having two staminodes); two variants of C. erecta (with three staminodes); and C. lagosensis (also with three staminodes). In all three species, the staminodes have six lobes but only two fertile lateral lobes. We collected field samples and cultivated new plants from stem cuttings. When the plants flowered, we evaluated floral morphology, floral biology and breeding systems, creating eight separate experimental treatments, involving spontaneous and hand pollination, as well as varying degrees of emasculation of the flowers. Although the pollen from the lateral and central anthers was capable of siring seeds, the staminode pollen rarely set seeds. Commelina diffusa subsp. aquatica presented very low percent pollen stainability in all three of its stamens and produced no seeds in any of the pollination treatments. In all three species, the stigma was often directed toward the central anther during coiling of the style. Our results show that C. diffusa subsp. aquatica is sterile and that, in the other Commelina variants studied, pollination occurs mainly through autogamy via the lateral and central anthers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative pollination role of stamens and breeding system in three species of Commelina (Commelinaceae) in Ile-Ife, Nigeria

2013

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The best of both worlds? A review of delayed selfing in flowering plants

Goodwillie

Weber

2018

American J of Botany

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In a series of seminal papers, David G. Lloyd (1979;Lloyd and Schoen, 1992) provided new insight into plant mating-system evolution by recognizing that the selective consequences of selfand cross-pollination and fertilization depend on the specifics of how and when they occur. In phenotypic models, Lloyd showed that the conditions that select for self-fertilization (selfing) facilitated by pollinators differ from those for selfing that occurs autonomously. Further, the selective consequences of autonomous selfing were shown to depend on its timing in anthesis in relation to cross-fertilization (outcrossing). The theory predicts that selfing that occurs after opportunities for outcrossing have passed (delayed selfing) should be selected under the broadest range of conditions.In general, selection of selfing is expected to be opposed by inbreeding depression, the reduced fitness of selfed progeny that results primarily from the expression of deleterious recessive alleles Charlesworth, 1987, Charlesworth andWillis, 2009). Counteracting the cost of inbreeding depression is the 50% genetic transmission advantage of selfing, which occurs because INVITED SPECIAL ARTICLE The best of both worlds? A review of delayed selfing in flowering plantsCarol Goodwillie 1,3 and Jennifer J. Weber PREMISE OF STUDY:In a seminal body of theory, Lloyd showed that the fitness consequences of selfing will depend on its timing in anthesis. Selfing that occurs after opportunities for outcrossing or pollen dispersal can provide reproductive assurance when pollinators are limited and is expected to incur little cost, even when inbreeding depression is high. As a result, delayed selfing is often interpreted as a "best-of-both-worlds" mating system that combines the advantages of selfing and outcrossing. METHODS:We surveyed 65 empirical studies of delayed selfing, recording floral mechanisms and examining information on inbreeding depression, autofertility, and other parameters to test the support for delayed selfing as a best-of-both-worlds strategy.KEY RESULTS: Phylogenetic distribution of the diverse floral mechanisms suggests that some basic floral structures may predispose plant taxa to evolve delayed selfing. Delayed selfing appears to serve as a best-of-both-worlds strategy in some but not all species. While the capacity for autonomous selfing is often high, it is lower, in some cases, than in related species with earlier modes of selfing. In other delayed-selfers, low inbreeding depression and reduced investment in corollas and pollen suggest limited benefits from outcrossing.CONCLUSIONS: Despite a growing literature on the subject, experimental evidence for delayed selfing is limited and major gaps in knowledge remain, particularly with respect to the stability of delayed selfing and the conditions that may favor transitions between delayed and earlier selfing. Finally, we suggest a potential role of delayed selfing in facilitating transitions from self-incompatibility to selfing.

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