Comparative Studies on the Oral and Intraocular Routes of Administration of Newcastle Disease Vaccine, La Sota in Adult Chickens.

Okwor, E. C.

doi:10.9790/2380-0334851

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…This might account for the preferential protection offered by the oral route compared to the ocular one. This report is however at variance with reports by Okwor et al [19] which favoured the intraocular route to the oral route mostly citing possible destruction of vaccine antigens by gastrointestinal secretions as probable reasons for reduced optimization of uptake and subsequent immune response. Hence, phytogenic gum used in this study might have mitigated the destruction of vaccine antigens thereby optimizing uptake, response and subsequent reduced clinicopathologic feature following challenge by field virus.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 97%

“…This validates the effectiveness of the vaccine used as well as the protection offered by both routes against mortality induced by Newcastle disease in birds. Protective capacities of vaccination through oral and ocular routes in chickens have already been reported in literature [19] . This is owing to the large surface area of the mucosa surface exposed to constant irritation and adapted for antigenic sampling and effector mechanisms [14] , [20] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

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Clinicopathological evaluation of Newcastle disease virus vaccination using gums fromCedrela odorataandKhaya senegalensisas delivery agents in challenged chickens

Oyebanji

Emikpe

Oladele

et al. 2017

International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine

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Following previous studies on delivery potential and immune response of chickens given Newcastle disease vaccine with gums, this study was conducted to evaluate the protective ability of vaccines delivered with plant gums against clinicopathological features of Newcastle disease (ND). Processed gums from incised trunks of Cedrela odorata and Khaya senegalensis trees were combined with ND vaccine in ratio 2:2:1 and administered at 21 days to white leghorn cockerels after weaning of maternal antibodies. The birds were grouped into gum-vaccine-oral (GVOR), vaccine-oral (VOR), gum-vaccine-ocular (GVOC), vaccine-ocular (VOC), gum-oral (GOR), gum-ocular (GOC), no-gum-no-vaccine/challenged (NGNV/C), no-gum-no-vaccine/unchallenged (NGNV/U). Vaccination was boosted with the same preparation at day 42 while birds were challenged with live ND virus (KUDU strain) at day 84. Clinical signs (Dullness, Diarrhoea, Paralysis, Torticollis) Post infection (Pi), terminal weakness, gross and histology lesions were scored on a severity scale from absent (0-), mild (1+) to moderate (2+) and severe (3+). Scores were assigned a quantitative score of 0, 10, 20, 30 respectively. Clinical signs scores for the 5 week Pi were subjected to Friedman test to assess the significance of severity among the groups. The test was significant at 1% significance level which implies that the clinical signs ranked highest in the NGNV/C, followed by the Gum alone groups, the vaccine alone groups and the gum-vaccine groups irrespective of route. Moribund birds subsequently euthanized were seen in the GOR and GOC group at 21% each and at 57% in NGNV/C group alone. No signs were seen in the NVNG/U group. Grossly, mild to moderate lesions were seen in all groups except GVOR and NGNV/U. At histology, pulmonary congestion, acute pneumonia, cecal tonsilar haemorrhages, gliosis and neuronophagia were present at different proportions in all groups except the GVOR and NGNV/U. Overall, lesion severity was least in the gum-vaccine groups while the oral groups had less lesion score compared to the ocular. From this study, phytogenic mucoadhesives polymers used hold immense potential as a delivery agent capable of improving protection against clinicopathologic features of Newcastle disease in previously vaccinated birds.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Clinicopathological evaluation of Newcastle disease virus vaccination using gums fromCedrela odorataandKhaya senegalensisas delivery agents in challenged chickens

Oyebanji

Emikpe

Oladele

et al. 2017

International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine

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“…The minimum positive level serum is > 400 in ELISA antibody titre for IB living vaccine according to Kit of manufacturer. All vaccinated groups showed lymphocyte proliferation rates higher than control groups which can be explained by the fact that spraying and intranasal routes affect directly on the Harderian and paranasal glands that evolve a better immune responses (Okwor et al, 2013) Also, the effect on cell mediated response of T-cell expressed as Delta optical density (OD) was recorded for all groups . Lymphocyte proliferation rates were estimated by lymphocyte blastogenesis assay at 5 time points 3 rd , 5 th , 7 th , 14 th and 21 st days post vaccination as shown in Table (3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Preparation and Evaluation of Adjuvanted Live Vaccine Against Infectious Bronchitis

Abodalal

2017

Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research

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ive vaccines are widely used in poultry industry. Such vaccines can be either injected or delivered onto the bird mucosa and most probably not adjuvanted. The herein study was devoted to focus on the potential role of gel adjuvant when added to infectious bronchitis live attenuated vaccine (IB). Montanide gel 01 is a polymer adjuvant that was recommended to be added to live vaccines improving their immunogenicity and efficacy. It was noted that augmentation of IB live vaccine with Montanide gel 01 resulted in superior quality vaccine when utilized as spray as well as the intranasal methods. Both humoral and cellular immunity were higher upon using the IB-Montanide gel 01 more than the conventional non-adjuvanted IB vaccines. Moreover, the gel 01 IB vaccine showed higher protection than the ordinary vaccines when challenged with the virulent IB strains. It was also demonstrated that gel IB vaccine could be successfully used as spray and intranasal delivered vaccine especially in mass vaccination in huge poultry industry. The results also proved that the use of Montanide gel 01 vaccine increased the safety margin of the IB vaccine and enhanced the IB vaccine efficacy.

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“…The most common vaccination routes practiced in the industry are via intranasal aerosol spray (IN), DW, and intraocular or ED because these vaccination routes mimic a natural infection of ND [ 1 38 ]. Several studies have shown that the ED vaccination route produces the best highest antibody titer (8log 2 –9log 2 ), followed by intranasal spray (7log 2 ) and the DW and oral routes (3log 2 –6log 2 ) [ 38 39 40 ]. Furthermore, vaccination with EDs and spray offers better protection than DW for both genotype-matched and LaSota vaccines [ 24 26 38 39 40 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have shown that the ED vaccination route produces the best highest antibody titer (8log 2 –9log 2 ), followed by intranasal spray (7log 2 ) and the DW and oral routes (3log 2 –6log 2 ) [ 38 39 40 ]. Furthermore, vaccination with EDs and spray offers better protection than DW for both genotype-matched and LaSota vaccines [ 24 26 38 39 40 ]. Hence, these results and other studies indicate that the vaccination route is a critical determinant of vaccine-induced immunity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of genotype-matched Newcastle disease virus vaccine formulated in carboxymethyl sago starch acid hydrogel in chickens vaccinated via different routes

et al. 2022

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Background The commercially available Newcastle disease (ND) vaccines were developed based on Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates genetically divergent from field strains that can only prevent clinical disease, not shedding of virulent heterologous virus, highlighting the need to develop genotype-matched vaccines Objectives This study examined the efficacy of the NDV genotype-matched vaccine, mIBS025 strain formulated in standard vaccine stabilizer, and in carboxymethyl sago starch-acid hydrogel (CMSS-AH) following vaccination via an eye drop (ED) and drinking water (DW). Methods A challenge virus was prepared from a recent NDV isolated from ND vaccinated flock. Groups of specific-pathogen-free chickens were vaccinated with mIBS025 vaccine strain prepared in a standard vaccine stabilizer and CMSS-AH via ED and DW and then challenged with the UPM/NDV/IBS362/2016 strain. Results Chickens vaccinated with CMSS-AH mIBS025 ED (group 2) developed the earliest and highest Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) NDV antibody titer (8log 2 ) followed by standard mIBS025 ED (group 3) (7log 2 ) both conferred complete protection and drastically reduced virus shedding. By contrast, chickens vaccinated with standard mIBS025 DW (group 5) and CMSS-AH mIBS025 DW (group 4) developed low HI NDV antibody titers of 4log 2 and 3log 2 , respectively, which correspondingly conferred only 50% and 60% protection and continuously shed the virulent virus via the oropharyngeal and cloacal routes until the end of the study at 14 dpc. Conclusions The efficacy of mIBS025 vaccines prepared in a standard vaccine stabilizer or CMSS-AH was affected by the vaccination routes. The groups vaccinated via ED had better protective immunity than those vaccinated via DW.

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Comparative Studies on the Oral and Intraocular Routes of Administration of Newcastle Disease Vaccine, La Sota in Adult Chickens.

Abstract: Two hundred and fifty (250)

Cited by 5 publications

References 6 publications

Clinicopathological evaluation of Newcastle disease virus vaccination using gums fromCedrela odorataandKhaya senegalensisas delivery agents in challenged chickens

Clinicopathological evaluation of Newcastle disease virus vaccination using gums fromCedrela odorataandKhaya senegalensisas delivery agents in challenged chickens

Preparation and Evaluation of Adjuvanted Live Vaccine Against Infectious Bronchitis

Efficacy of genotype-matched Newcastle disease virus vaccine formulated in carboxymethyl sago starch acid hydrogel in chickens vaccinated via different routes

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