Comparative Study of Carbon Paste, Screen Printed, and PVC Potentiometric Sensors Based on Copper‐sulphamethazine Schiff Base Complex for Determination of Iodide – Experimental and Theoretical Approaches

Abstract

[a] 1IntroductionIodide is necessary for human health as it guarantees the proper thyroid gland function and it is used as antiseptic for skin wounds.I odidea lso exists in food, drug compound and in drinking water and it is added to table salts as as upply of iodine to prevent iodine shortage disorders [1].I na ddition, it is used as catalyst or stabilizer in polymer production and as purifying agent of drinking and swimming pool waters. Therefore,d etermination of iodide in the field of food, biological, and environmental samples is of vital importance.F or this purpose,m any methods have been developed, among of them potentiometric basedi on selective electrode methodw hich offers speed determination, ease of preparation,f ast response time,w ide working linear range,f air selectivity,a nd low cost.Anion-selective electrodesb ased on lipophilic quaternary ammonium or phosphonium saltse xhibit Hofmeister selectivity pattern that is basedo na nionl ipophilicity. Thus,t he construction of anion potentiometric sensors based on new metal complexes which display non-Hofmeister selectivity pattern is an attractive pointo fr esearch in the field of chemical sensors.T he selectivity manner of theses ensors towards anions is found to be influenced by the steric effect related with the structure of ligandsa nd the properties of the central metal ions [2][3][4] where ad irect interaction occurs between the central metal of the membrane active components and the analyte anion. [14] in various matrices including polyvinyl chloride and carbon paste.T ot he best of our knowledge,t here is only one published paper on the use of screen printed electrode for iodided etermination [15]. Schiff bases are condensation products of primary amines with carbonyl compounds and they were first reported by Hugo Schiffi n1 864. Schiff bases have wide applications in foodi ndustry,d ye industry,a nalytical chemistry,c atalysis,f ungicidal, agrochemical and biological activities [16].T he transition metal complexes of Schiff-bases have been foundt os how attractive properties over the other ligands such as ease of preparation, formationo fh ighly lipophilic complexes,r emarkable biological and pharmacologicala pplications and the construction of different highly selective anion and environmental sensors,e nergy storage devices and solar cells [17][18][19][20].In this work, the synthesized Cu(II)-Schiff base complex (1) namely N-(4,6-Dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-4-[(2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino] benzene sulfonamidec opper-(II) dihydrated complex [21] (Fig.1)w as used as ionophore in polymeric membrane,c arbon paste,a nd screen printed electrodes.D ifferent compositions were studied, the selectivity behaviorw as examineda nd the electrodes were successfully applied for determination of iodide by ) and improved selectivity over the highly interfering thiocyanate were obtainedi nc omparisonw ith the previously reported Schiff base complexes-based iodide sensors.

Molecularly Imprinted Electrochemical Sensor-Based Fe2O3@MWCNTs for Ivabradine Drug Determination in Pharmaceutical Formulation, Serum, and Urine Samples

“…To investigate the effect of MIP and NIP structure on sensor performance, sensor 6 was formulated in the same way and the composition of sensor 5 except NIP was used as a recognition element instead of MIP. Sensor 6 exhibited a lower response compared to sensor 5 due to the absence of the host–guest interaction as no cavities exist in NIP particles, and only H-bonding takes place on the surface of the NIP particles ( Abdel-Haleem and Shehab, 2016 ). According to these data, sensor 5 versus sensors 4 and 6 (as a control) were further investigated in subsequent studies, i.e., SEM-EDS, selectivity against interfering species, applicability of pH range, sensor reversibility, response, and lifetime, bonding strength, and formation constant estimation.…”

Electrochemical Selective Determination of Uranyl Ions Using PVC Membrane Sensor

“…ISE response mechanism can be predicted from the effect of lipophilic additive type, where membrane electrodes based on neutral carriers get improved slope and selectivity by adding sites with a charge opposite to that of the primary ion . In this study, the effect of addition of KTpClPB and TDMACl as anionic and cationic lipophilic additives on the electrodes response characteristics was investigated.…”

Polyvinyl Chloride Modified Carbon Paste Electrodes for Sensitive Determination of Levofloxacin Drug in Serum, Urine, and Pharmaceutical Formulations

“…The commercial pharmaceutical preparation Levoxin ® (500 mg coated tablet of levofloxacin) was bought from the local market. HCl/KCl buffer of pH 2.2 and Acetate buffer of pH 4.1 were prepared and used for the preparation of (10 −2 M) LF which was used to prepare the more diluted solutions [ 34 , 35 ]. Reduced graphene oxide (RGO) was prepared by the reduction of GO using NaBH 4 [ 36 ].…”