Comparative Study of Extracellular Proteolytic, Cellulolytic, and Hemicellulolytic Enzyme Activities and Biotransformation of Palm Kernel Cake Biomass by Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Malaysian Foods

Fh, Lee; Sy, Wan; Foo, Hooi Ling; Loh, Teck Chwen; Mohamad, Rosfarizan; Rahim, Afidah Abdul; Zulkifli, I.

doi:10.3390/ijms20204979

Cited by 23 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…One important application of SSF is the production of various enzymes such as cellulases, hemicellulases, ligninase, protease, lipase, pectinase, phytase, amylase, and xylanase which are essential enzymes required for biotransformation of PKC [ 19 , 47 , 50 ]. Besides various physicochemical factors, numerous environmental factors, for instance, temperature, moisture, pH, inoculum type, substrate, particle size, agitation and aeration, oxygen, and carbon dioxide could influence the growth and activities of microorganisms in SSF [ 47 ].…”

Section: Solid-state Fermentation (Ssf) Of Pkcmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For proper functioning of the digestive organs, poultry requires a low amount of complex fiber in their diet. The SSF of PKC produces a product that contains low hemicellulose and cellulose concentration but high protein content [ 19 ]. Microbial fermentation using bacteria or fungi has been documented to improve agricultural by-products’ nutritional values by altering its composition.…”

Section: Solid-state Fermentation (Ssf) Of Pkcmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains (especially; L. plantarum RG11, L. plantarum RI11, and L. plantarum RG14 (based on their total score of extracellular hydrolytic enzymes activates) can grow on PKC biomass. It performs synergistic secretions of various extracellular proteolytic, cellulolytic, and hemicellulolytic enzymes essential for the effective biodegradation of PKC [ 19 ]. The latest findings showed the effects of L. plantarum RI11 on different renewable natural polymers, describing the L. plantarum RI11 can be a potential candidate as lignocellulosic biomass degrader.…”

Section: Solid-state Fermentation (Ssf) Of Pkcmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, zearalenone, fumonisin, vomitoxin, patulin, aflatoxin, and ochratoxin are few examples of mycotoxins which can depress the growth of animals and could be hazardous for both human and animals. The mycotoxin problem can be prevented by substituting fungi with various cellulolytic bacteria in SSF [ 12 , 18 , 19 , 56 ].…”

Section: Solid-state Fermentation (Ssf) Of Pkcmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PKC can be a promising feedstuff for poultry feed because of its moderate CP (16.43%) content and energy [ 17 ]. Cellulolytic bacteria can significantly improve the nutrient quality of PKC through SSF [ 18 , 19 ]. Therefore, this review paper will critically shed light on the composition and nutritional value of PKC, SSF in PKC, and the utilization of PKC as a poultry feed and its effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is Palm Kernel Cake a Suitable Alternative Feed Ingredient for Poultry?

Azizi

Loh

Foo

et al. 2021

Animals

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Palm kernel cake (PKC), a by-product of oil extracted from palm nuts through expeller press or solvent extraction procedures is one of the highest quantities of locally available and potentially inexpensive agricultural product. PKC provides approximately 14–18% of crude protein (CP), 12–20% crude fiber (CF), 3–9% ether extract (EE), and different amounts of various minerals that feasible to be used as a partial substitute of soybean meal (SBM) and corn in poultry nutrition. Poultry’s digestibility is reported to be compromised due to the indigestion of the high fiber content, making PKC potentially low for poultry feeding. Nevertheless, solid-state fermentation (SSF) can be applied to improve the nutritional quality of PKC by improving the CP and reducing CF content. PKC also contains β-mannan polysaccharide, which works as a prebiotic. However, there is a wide variation for the inclusion level of PKC in the broiler diet. These variations may be due to the quality of PKC, its sources, processing methods and value-added treatment. It has been documented that 10–15% of treated PKC could be included in the broiler’s diets. The inclusion levels will not contribute to a negative impact on the growth performances and carcass yield. Furthermore, it will not compromise intestinal microflora, morphology, nutrient digestibility, and immune system. PKC with a proper SSF process (FPKC) can be offered up to 10–15% in the diets without affecting broilers’ production performance.

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Section: Solid-state Fermentation (Ssf) Of Pkcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Solid-state Fermentation (Ssf) Of Pkcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Solid-state Fermentation (Ssf) Of Pkcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Solid-state Fermentation (Ssf) Of Pkcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is Palm Kernel Cake a Suitable Alternative Feed Ingredient for Poultry?

Azizi

Loh

Foo

et al. 2021

Animals

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Lactic acid bacteria as a tool for biovanillin production: A review

Mostafa

Hashem

2023

Biotech & Bioengineering

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Vanilla is the most commonly used natural flavoring agent in industries like food, flavoring, medicine, and fragrance. Vanillin can be obtained naturally, chemically, or through a biotechnological process. However, the yield from vanilla pods is low and does not meet market demand, and the use of vanillin produced by chemical synthesis is restricted in the food and pharmaceutical industries. As a result, the biotechnological process is the most efficient and cost-effective method for producing vanillin with consumer-demanding properties while also supporting industrial applications. Toxin-free biovanillin production, based on renewable sources such as industrial wastes or by-products, is a promising approach. In addition, only natural-labeled vanillin is approved for use in the food industry.Accordingly, this review focuses on biovanillin production from lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which is generally recognized as safe (GRAS), and the cost-cutting efforts that are utilized to improve the efficiency of biotransformation of inexpensive and readily available sources. LABs can utilize agro-wastes rich in ferulic acid to produce ferulic acid, which is then employed in vanillin production via fermentation, and various efforts have been applied to enhance the vanillin titer. However, different designs, such as response surface methods, using immobilized cells or pure enzymes for the spontaneous release of vanillin, are strongly advised.

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