Comparative study of gamma and ion beam irradiation of polymeric nanocomposite on electrical conductivity

Abstract

Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was used to prepare nanocomposites of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and functionalized carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-NH 2 ) in existence of 2-carboxyethyl acrylate oligomers (CEA). Radiation-induced crosslinking of the prepared matrix was carried out via gamma and ion beam irradiation. A comparative study of gamma and ion beam irradiation effect on the electrical conductivity of nanocomposite was conducted. The gelation of the gamma irradiated matrix outperforms the ion beam irradiated matrix. The order of gelation is PVA > (PVA/CEA) > (PVA/CEA)-MWCNT > (PVA/CEA)-MWCNT-NH 2 . There is a significant reduction in the swelling of the nanocomposite. The formation of nanocomposites was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, energydispersive X-ray (EDX) and FTIR examinations. The direct current electrical properties of PVA/nanocomposites are examined at room temperature by applying electric voltage from 1 to 20 V. The results revealed that the electrical conductivity is increased by adding the carbon nanotubes and irradiation by gamma and ion beam. At an applied electric voltage 20 V, in the electrical conductivity of the unirradiated PVA was from 9.20 3 10 28 S cm 21 . After adding MWCNT an increase up to 4.70 3 10 25 S cm 21 was observed. While after ion beam irradiation, a further increase up to 9.30 3 10 25 S cm 21 was noticed.

Fabrication and characterization of poly(vinyl alcohol)—Glycerol—Spinel ferrites flexible membranes

“…In previous investigations, the influences of blending PVA with different ratios of plasticizers on electrical, structural, and mechanical properties of the membranes were examined. The studies demonstrated that the addition of plasticizers to PVA enabled the control of its electrical conductivity and decreased the interaction among the macromolecules that increased the flexibility of its membranes.…”

“…12 The analysis enables identification of capacitance and charge transfer for composite membranes, the influence of blocking electrodes, the effect of grain boundaries, and so forth. 13 In previous investigations, 1,2,14,15 the influences of blending PVA with different ratios of plasticizers on electrical, structural, and mechanical properties of the membranes were examined. The studies demonstrated that the addition of plasticizers to PVA enabled the control of its electrical conductivity and decreased the interaction among the macromolecules that increased the flexibility of its membranes.…”

Dielectric properties of irradiated polymer/multiwalled carbon nanotube and its amino functionalized form

“…The samples preparation method is as previously described by the authors . The 10 wv −1 % PVA solution was prepared by dissolving it in water for 6 h at 80 °C.…”

“…The samples preparation method is as previously described by the authors. 21 The 10 wv 21 % PVA solution was prepared by dissolving it in water for 6 h at 80 8C. MWCNT and MWCNT-NH 2 nano-filler were mixed with the PVA/CEA solution with the aid of the concentration 0.5 wv 21 % surfactant, the detailed method was described in Refs.…”

Electron beam-based fabrication of crosslinked hydrophilic carbon electrodes and their application for capacitive deionization

“…28,32 The dose-dependent further improvement is probably due to enhancement of the electrical conductivity caused by the increased crosslinking density of the SPVA binders at the higher dose (leading to the more tightly bound activated carbons). 33,34 Furthermore, the activated carbon content-dependent improvement result could be ascribed to increment in the surface area and electrical conductivity facilitating the electrochemical processing. 15,16,35 Therefore, the specic capacitance of the carbon electrode can easily be improved by combining hydrophilic SPVA with quick electron-beam irradiation-induced crosslinking at room temperature, which is benecial for mass production.…”