Comparative Study of GFM-grid and GFL-grid in Islanded Operation

Verbe, Sunjoh Christian; Shigenobu, Ryuto; Ito, Masakazu

doi:10.1109/isgtasia49270.2021.9715619

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Consequently, GFL converters have several issues in their synchronisation stability, transient responses, weak grid operation, and grid support functionalities, to name a few (Aljarrah et al, 2024). On the other hand, GFM converters can define internal voltage and frequency and can behave as a voltage source as opposed to the current source behaviour of the GFL converters (Matevosyan et al, 2019) and enhance the overall stability of an interconnected system (Pattabiraman et al, 2018) as well as an islanded system (Verbe et al, 2021). In light of this, the grid-forming feature 1…”

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confidence: 99%

Functional Specifications and Testing Requirements of Grid-Forming Offshore Wind Power Plants

Ghimire,

Guerreiro,

Vatta Kkuni

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Abstract. Throughout the past few years, various transmission system operators (TSOs) and research institutes have defined several functional specifications for grid-forming (GFM) converters via grid codes, white papers, and technical documents. These institutes and organisations also proposed testing requirements for general inverter-based resources (IBRs) and specific GFM converters. This paper initially reviews functional specifications and testing requirements from several sources to create an understanding of GFM capabilities in general. Furthermore, it proposes an outlook of the defined GFM capabilities, functional specifications, and testing requirements for offshore wind power plant (OF WPP) applications from an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) perspective. Finally, this paper briefly establishes the relevance of new testing methodologies for equipment-level certification and model validation, focusing on GFM functional specifications.

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confidence: 99%