Comparative Study of Mineral and Phytochemical Analysis of Soil and Lactuca sativa Grown in the Vicinity of Cement Company of Northern Nigeria (Sokoto Cement) and Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto (Kwalkwalawa)

Abstract

Environmental pollution is a major issue which confronts industry and business in today’s world on daily basis. Industrial activities are the leading cause of metals emission, often associated with soil and plant metal concentration in adjacent regions. Cement industry is one of the 17 most polluting industries listed by the central pollution control board (CPCB). Impact of dust deposition from Cement Company of Northern Nigeria on the proximate and phytochemical concentrations of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) was studied. A comparative study of heavy metal concentration and phytochemicals of Lactuca sativa and soil samples from Kalambaina (Industrial area) and Kwalkwalawa (non-Industrial area) were estimated using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) and standard analytical procedures respectively. Result of quantitative phytochemical analysis revealed significant difference (P<0.05) in all parameters. Heavy metal values of Pb(0.012±0.002 mg/g), Zn(0.043±0.003 mg/g), and Ca(706.860±14.980 mg/g) in Lactuca sativa collected from Kalambaina revealed significant difference (P<0.05) when compare to samples collected from Kwalkwalawa and WHO standard. In addition, the heavy metal concentration in soil collected from Kalambaina showed significant difference (P<0.05) when compare to samples collected from Kwalkwalawa; with the highest value recorded in Ca (974.25±48 mg/g) which might be as a result of activities in the cement industry. Conclusively, plants grown at cement industries might not be safe for consumption

Heavy Metal Resistance by Endophytic Bacteria Isolated from Guava (Psidium Guajava) and Mango (Mangifera Indica) Leaves

“…Studies by Inuwa et al [40] showed that the levels of some heavy metals within the study region reached 0.1µg/g Cd, 83.4 µg/g Cr, 486.0µg/g Pb and 22.9µg/g Ni. Dalhat et al [57] also reported higher Pb, Zn, Cr and Cu concentrations in soil and Lactuca sativa grown in the area as against distant compared references. These findings are further supported by the work of Ibrahim et al [45] who observed that the finished product of the industry (cement) contains appreciable amount of heavy metal that can reach up to 6.67 ppm Mn, 7.93 ppm Ni, 2.64 ppm Cr and 2.52 ppm Cd making it highest in Ni and Cr among the tested pairs.…”

Nutritional Composition and Phytochemical Analysis of Aqueous Extract of Allium cepa (Onion) and Allium sativum (Garlic)

“…The Allium sativum spice showed higher ash contents (1.44%) compared to the Allium cepa spice. The Ash content refers to the inorganic residues remaining after either ignition or complete oxidation of organic matter in the sample and gives an overview of the mineral content of the material [13]. High ash content implies high mineral contents in the spices, Allium sativum is likely to be a better source of minerals in the diet as compared to the Allium cepa (Table 1).…”

“…A 10ml of Fehling's solution was added and the mixture was boiled. A brick red precipitate was observed, which indicate the presence of glycosides [12,13].…”

“…Saponin glycosides determination was done using methods described by Dalhat et al [13]. To 2.5 ml of the sample, 2.5 ml of Fehling solution A and B was added.…”