Comparative study of potential transfer of natural and anthropogenic cadmium to plankton communities in the North-West African upwelling

Auger, Pierre-Amaël; Machu, Éric; Gorguès, Thomas; Grima, Nicolas; Waeles, Matthieu

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.10.045

Cited by 46 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…1). However, wind-inducing upwelling of intermediate water along WN African Coast and driving to a re-injection of element (Such as Cadmium) in the surface layer (Auger et al 2015). In the same study, it has been demonstrated that potential phytoplankton Cd-uptake and Cd-bioaccumulation coincide with the upwelling enrichment and dispersion patterns in waters.…”

Section: Metal Accumulation Patternsmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…These high concentrations of Cd were attributed to natural origins, such as upwelling of deep waters, which takes place along the Western Atlantic coast (Romeo et al 1999). Auger et al (2015), has demonstrated that coastal upwelling in Western Atlantic coast, represent the main natural origin of cadmium enrichment of marine ecosystems, whereas the main anthropogenic origin is the phosphate industry effluents. Actually, Morocco is the second phosphate producer in the world.…”

Section: Metal Accumulation Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The phosphoric acid is produced, from the chemical reaction between sulphuric acid and phosphate ores. During the reaction, calcium sulphate (phosphogypsum), is produced and spread out into the ocean (Auger et al 2015).The phosphogypsum resultant from production of phosphoric acid and phosphorus-based fertilizers contain a significant abundance of crustal elements such as heavy metal, especially cadmium. Thus, the phosphate industry releases a large quantity of Cd off the coast of Morocco around Safi and Jorf-Lasfar (33°N) (Gaudry et al 2007) (Fig.…”

Section: Metal Accumulation Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trace metal distribution in pelagic fish species from the north-west African coast (Morocco)

et al. 2018

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In the current study, ten elements contents (Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Cr, Co, Ni, Cd, Pb and Hg) have been measured in muscle and liver of four pelagic fish species (Engraulis encrasicolus, Sardina pilchardus, Scomber japonicus and Trachurus trachurus) from the north-west African coast (South Atlantic Moroccan coast), collected during summer and autumn seasons (July and December 2013, respectively). Significant differences in metal contents were found between the different species (p \ 0.05). Metals levels were also much higher in liver than those recorded in muscle tissues. The concentrations of Fe, Zn, Cd, Co, Cu and Pb were significantly higher in mackerel liver (p \ 0.05).While, in muscle, anchovy presents a higher content of Mn, Cu, Cr, Ni and Pb. A high level of cadmium was recorded in liver of the different species which can be attributed to an anthropogenic source (phosphate industry) and to natural sources (upwelling activities). The main concentration of toxic elements (Cd, Pb and Hg) recorded in the four edible muscles of pelagic fish species, under study, were below the established values by the European Commission Regulations and show that their effect on the consumers health can be considered as negligible.

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Section: Metal Accumulation Patternsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Metal Accumulation Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Metal Accumulation Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trace metal distribution in pelagic fish species from the north-west African coast (Morocco)

et al. 2018

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“…In this case, only the deterministic velocity components from the OGCM are used to calculate the trajectories. This is a common approach (e.g., Chen et al, 2003;Pous et al, 2010;Auger et al, 2015) and we recognize its limitation. However, OGCMs include such turbulent mixing as a subgridscale diffusivity, thus its signature is present in the physical and biogeochemical properties interpolated along the Lagrangian trajectories.…”

Section: Description Of the Combined Eulerian-lagrangian Approach Primentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This combined qualitative Eulerian-Lagrangian approach to study biophysical interactions was also used by Auger et al (2015), who released particles nearshore in a region of high cadmium (Cd) concentration, to diagnose the dispersion plume of Cd-rich water in an EBUS. They aimed to identify the source of Cd (natural or anthropogenic) that was bio-accumulating, estimated from Cd concentrations and primary production, along cross-shore trajectories.…”

Section: A Case Study To Assess Biology Along Trajectoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying tracer dynamics in moving fluids: a combined Eulerian-Lagrangian approach

Chenillat

Blanke

Grima

et al. 2015

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Eulerian models coupling physics and biology provide a powerful tool for the study of marine systems, complementing and synthesizing in situ observations and in vitro experiments. With the monotonic improvements in computing resources, models can now resolve increasingly complex biophysical interactions. Quantifying complex mechanisms of interaction produces massive amounts of numerical data that often require specialized tools for analysis. Here we present an Eulerian-Lagrangian approach to analyzing tracer dynamics in moving fluids. As an example of its utility, we apply this tool to quantifying plankton dynamics in oceanic mesoscale coherent structures. In contrast to Eulerian frameworks, Lagrangian approaches are particularly useful for revealing physical pathways, and the dynamics and distributions of tracers along these trajectories. Using a well-referenced Lagrangian tool, we develop a method to assess the variability of biogeochemical properties (computed using an Eulerian model) along particle trajectories. We discuss the limitations of this new method, given the different biogeochemical and physical timescales at work in the Eulerian framework. We also use Lagrangian trajectories to track coherent structures such as eddies, and we analyze the dynamics of the local ecosystem using two techniques: (i) estimating biogeochemical properties along trajectories, and (ii) averaging biogeochemical properties over dynamic regions (e.g., the eddy core) defined by ensembles of similar trajectories. This hybrid approach, combining Eulerian and Lagrangian model analyses, enhances the quantification and understanding of the complex planktonic ecosystem responses to environmental forcings; it can be easily applied to the dynamics of any tracer in a moving fluid.

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Cadmium regeneration within the North Atlantic

Roshan

2015

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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Cadmium (Cd) incorporated into the benthic microfossils has been widely used in reconstructing the past water circulation in the North Atlantic. This requires a major control by conservative mixing over regeneration process on the seawater cadmium distribution in the North Atlantic. Through coupling the recently reported Cd data at depths below 300 m with quantitative water mass analysis along the GA03 transect, we tested two models for cadmium cycling within the North Atlantic: conservative mixing alone and conservative mixing plus regeneration which is termed as regenerative mixing. The results show that the regenerative mixing model reproduces the observations (slope = 0.99 and R2 = 0.97) much better than the conservative mixing model (slope = 0.99 and R2 = 0.88). The regenerative mixing model was applied to estimate the amount of dissolved cadmium regenerated “within” the North Atlantic. This regionally regenerated cadmium contributes to ~10% and >50% of the total cadmium in the North Atlantic at depths >1000 m and 300–1000 m, respectively, indicating that the microfossil‐reconstructed seawater Cd can be attributed to the mixing from the South Atlantic to the North Atlantic with high accuracy for depths below 1000 m, while within 300–1000 m cadmium is more controlled by the regeneration process than the mixing process, complicating the attribution of the microfossil‐reconstructed seawater Cd to the changes in water mass geometry within this 300–1000 m depth range. A regionally and vertically constant Cd/PO43− regeneration ratio ~262 pM/µmol/kg was derived from the regenerative mixing model which is comparable with ratios estimated in the recent studies for the North Atlantic.

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Comparative study of potential transfer of natural and anthropogenic cadmium to plankton communities in the North-West African upwelling

Cited by 46 publications

References 98 publications

Trace metal distribution in pelagic fish species from the north-west African coast (Morocco)

Trace metal distribution in pelagic fish species from the north-west African coast (Morocco)

Quantifying tracer dynamics in moving fluids: a combined Eulerian-Lagrangian approach

Cadmium regeneration within the North Atlantic

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