Comparative study of the insulation paper aging in palm fatty acid ester (PFAE) and mineral oil

Suzuki, Takashi; Kano, Tadashige; Kanetani, Akinori; Hatada, Satoshi; Kurihara, Fumio

doi:10.1109/icdl.2014.6893075

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The synthetic ester was found to have favorable stability in comparison to mineral oil after heating at 170 C for 20 to 120 days. Likewise, Suzuki et al (2014) found that kraft paper degraded more slowly in a palm fatty acid ester in comparison to when mineral oil was the suspending medium.…”

Section: Wood Extractivesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Archival performance of paper as affected by chemical components: A Review

Hubbe

Maitland²,

Nanjiba

et al. 2023

BioRes

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For about two millennia, paper has served as a main medium for preservation of people’s ideas, stories, contracts, and art. This article reviews what is known about the various components that make up paper from the perspective of their long-term stability under typical storage conditions. Literature evidence is considered relative to the susceptibility of different paper components to embrittlement, acid hydrolysis, microbiological attack, and discoloration, among others. The cellulose that makes up a majority of most paper items is demonstrably stable enough to persist for many hundreds of years on the shelves of archival collections, though it is susceptible to acid-catalyzed hydrolysis, which can be accelerated by byproducts of decomposition. Though less attention has been paid to the archival performance of various minor components of modern paper products, evidence suggests that at least some of them are subject to likely breakdown, embrittlement, or decay in the course of prolonged storage. Based on these considerations, one can envision different categories of paper that can be expected to meet different levels of storage stability: ancient recipes for handmade papermaking, e.g. washi and hanji, archival-grade paper products, ordinary modern alkaline paper products, and paper manufactured without concerns for its longevity.

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Section: Wood Extractivesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Archival performance of paper as affected by chemical components: A Review

Hubbe

Maitland²,

Nanjiba

et al. 2023

BioRes

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“…Many authors have analyzed ageing behavior of different insulation papers immersed in natural and synthetic esters [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. These studies and others have found that thermal ageing rates of insulation solids immersed in natural esters are reduced compared to those in mineral oil [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The insulation solids usually studied include papers such as Kraft paper [10][11][12][13][14][15][16], thermally upgraded papers [9,[17][18][19], aramid paper [1,[20][21], pressboard [20,22]. The paper degradation in thermal aging studies has been evaluated through the degree of polymerization [10][11][12][18][19], the tensile strength [13][14][15][16][19][20][21][22][23], differential scanning calorimetry [24], Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) or energy dispersive X-ray [12] being the DP and the tensile strength the most commonly used methods to evaluate the insulating paper condition. Even though, the degradation suffered by different insulation papers immersed in biodegradable oils during thermal ageing tests has been studied, there are few works that have analyzed the effect of insulation liquids on the deterioration of other cellulosic materials such as Diamond Dotted paper (DDP).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kraft And Diamond Dotted Paper Thermally Aged In Mineral Oil And Natural Ester: Mechanical Characterisation

Fernández-Diego

Ortiz

Carrascal

et al. 2019

2019 IEEE 20th International Conference on Dielectric Liquids (ICDL)

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Oil-immersed transformers, whose lifespan is defined by cellulose insulation's lifetime, utilize frequently mineral oil. However, this insulating fluid is being replaced by alternative liquids such as natural and synthetic esters. This replacement requires to guarantee a similar behavior of solid insulating materials immersed in them. Although there are different authors who have concluded that Kraft paper reduces its deterioration rate when it is immersed in biodegradable fluids, there are few works that have analyzed the effect of insulation liquids on the mechanical properties of other cellulosic materials such as diamond dotted paper (DDP) during laboratory tests. This paper shows a comparative analysis of four paper/oil specimens (a standard Kraft paper and a diamond dotted paper aged in both mineral oil and natural ester) under controlled laboratory accelerated thermal ageing. This work focuses on changes in mechanical properties such as the energy consumed per unit volume of the failure zone (ER), rupture strength (σR) and strain under ultimate strength (εcm).

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“…The viscosity of PFAE is much less than tri-ester makes the cooling efficiency of the PFAE-immersed transformer better than that of triester oil [8]. Its viscosity is even lower than that of the convensional transformer mineral oil [9,10]. Nevertheless, the flash point of the PFAE is lower than that of the triglyceride type insulating oil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of Thermally Aged Natural Esters Used as Insulating Liquid

Rajab¹,

Tsuchie²,

Kozako³

et al. 2018

IJEEI

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An accelerated aging test is an important test to assess a long time performance of an insulation system. This paper deals with the investigation results on thermally aged natural esters insulating liquid used for transformator. Two kinds of monoesters, palm fatty acid ester (PFAE) and stearic/oleic/linoleic acids methyl esters (M182), and one tri-ester, Envirotemp (FR3), were aged at the temperature of 120 o C for 60 days. An as-received oil was used as a sample for aging test, so that the presence of a limited amount of air, and thus oxygen, in oil sample could not be avoided. The important properties like appearance, moisture content, acid value, volume resistivity, and breakdown voltage are evaluated at each 15 days interval. Experiment on mineral oil under the same condition was also conducted for comparison. It was observed that the color of the FR3 was changed from light-green to dark-green. PFAE, M182 and mineral oils which were initially transparent became yellow-green, light yellow and brown, respectively. A sludge formation was observed in the mineral oil, whereas the increase in acidity was found in the PFAE and M182 oils. The moisture content of aged PFAE and M182 oils decreased whereas that of aged FR3 and mineral oils increased. The volume resistivity of all tested oils decreased with aging time, whereas their breakdown voltage showed a different behaviours. The breakdown voltage of M182 and mineral oils increased and decreased, respectively, whereas that of PFAE and FR3 relatively unchanged.

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Comparative study of the insulation paper aging in palm fatty acid ester (PFAE) and mineral oil

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

Archival performance of paper as affected by chemical components: A Review

Archival performance of paper as affected by chemical components: A Review

Kraft And Diamond Dotted Paper Thermally Aged In Mineral Oil And Natural Ester: Mechanical Characterisation

Properties of Thermally Aged Natural Esters Used as Insulating Liquid

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