Comparative study of the soft tissue of young Japanese-Brazilian, Caucasian and Mongoloid patients

Abstract

Objective: To determine the normality mean values in the soft tissue cephalometric measurements of young Japanese-Brazilian, with normal occlusion and compare the results of the variables with compatible samples of young Caucasians and Mongoloids. Methods: Forty radiographs of young Caucasians, 32 of Japanese-Brazilians and 33 of Mongoloids were used. The three samples presented individuals with normal occlusion and well-balanced face. The samples were divided by gender due to the soft tissue characteristics and to facilitate comparison. The following statistical tests were performed: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with p < 0.05. Results:The Japanese-Brazilian sample of females showed thinner soft tissues in the nasion region and smaller nose when compared to the Caucasians. The Mongoloid sample showed thinner tissues in the supramentonian and pogonion regions. In males, the Japanese-Brazilians had thinner tissues in the nasion region; thicker lower lip and supramentonian region in comparison to the Caucasian sample. For the Mongoloid, soft tissue was thicker in the glabella and ANS-Sn regions. Conclusion: It is necessary to use specific soft tissue standards for this mixed race. Keywords: Ethnic groups. Reference values. Orthodontics.Objetivo: determinar os valores médios de normalidade das grandezas cefalométricas tegumentares de jovens mestiços nipo-brasileiros com oclusão normal, e compará-los com amostras compatíveis de jovens brasileiros leucodermas e xantodermas. Métodos: foram utilizadas 40 telerradiografias de jovens leucodermas, 32 de nipo-brasileiros e 33 de xantodermas. As três amostras apresentavam indivíduos com oclusão normal e face bem balanceada. As amostras foram divididas por sexo devido às características do tecido mole e para facilitar a comparação. Foram realizados os testes estatísticos análise de variância a um critério (ANOVA) e a análise de covariância (ANCOVA) com p < 0,05. Resultados: a amostra nipo-brasileira para o sexo feminino apresentou menor espessura na região do násio e menor nariz em relação aos leucodermas. Em relação à amostra xantoderma, menor espessura na região supramentoniana e pogônio. No sexo masculino, os nipo-brasileiros apresentaram menor espessura na região do násio, maior espessura do lábio inferior e da região supramentoniana em relação à amostra leucoderma. Em relação aos xantodermas, maior espessura na região da glabela e da ENA-Sn. Conclusão: verificou-se a necessidade de se utilizar normas de tecido mole específicas para essa raça miscigenada.Palavras-chave: Grupos étnicos. Valores de referência. Ortodontia.

Sex dependent variations in craniofacial soft-tissue thicknesses estimated from MRI and CT scans: A pilot study based on Northwest Indian subjects

“…Ruiz [23] estimated facial soft tissue thickness at 17 anatomical landmarks of Columbian adults and found no sexual dimorphism in FSTT, though midline landmarks showed some differences. Fernandez et al [24] conducted a comparative study of soft tissue thickness in Japanese, Mongoloids and Caucasoid subjects and found significant differences between two sexes and in different races at different anthropological facial landmarks.…”

Male and Female Characteristics of Facial Soft Tissue Thickness in Different Orthodontic Malocclusions Evaluated by Cephalometric Radiography

“…However, with the advancement of cephalometrics, it has been established that there are differences in FSTT in different ethnic groups, which means that one standard of facial esthetics may not be applied to other ethnic groups. Therefore, researchers have compared the cephalometric characteristics of different races with the established standard of Caucasian Americans, to establish specific cephalometric values of FSTT for different ethnic groups [ 8 , 11 , 12 ]. Furthermore, age [ 3 , 13 , 14 ], sex, ethnicity [ 3 , 15 ], climate [ 16 ], activity, obesity and the body mass index (BMI) [ 17 – 19 ] of individuals have a significant influence on this relationship, together with other conditions.…”

The facial profile in brazilian adults

“…One must also take into account each individual's ascendency 19,25 , as there are differences in dentofacial relationship depending on the ethnic variability of each racial group 19 .…”

“…The authors consider a limitation of this study the fact that the ancenstry of each individual included in the sample was not determined and evaluated as there are differences in the dentofacial relationship depending on the ethnic variability of each racial group 19,25 .…”