Comparative Study of Widal test Against Stool Culture in Diagnosis of Typhoid Fever Suspected Cases in Kano, Northern Nigeria

Minjibir, Abdullahi A.; Diso, Sani U.; Ibrahim, Imran Mohd; Abdallah, Muhammad S.; Ali, Muhammad

doi:10.36346/sarjet.2020.v02i05.001

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…16 This finding was similar to most of studies with exception of Yousif (2018) whose value was 26.5%. 6,[10][11][12][13][14][15] This study also revealed that the Widal's test has a specificity of 76%. This indicated that Widal's test has the ability to identify positive cases although with a high false positive rate of 93.2% (41/44).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…8,9 This finding was similar to most of the studies reviewed whose PPV was below 60% with exception of Minjibir (2020) whose PPV was 68.2%. 6,[10][11][12][13][14][15] Therefore, the Widal's test is not dependable for the diagnosis of typhoid fever. 14 This study revealed that the Widal's test had a negative predictive value (NPV) of 100%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8,9 This finding was similar to most of the studies reviewed whose NPV was above 90% with exception of Mengist (2017) and Mawazo (2019) who obtained 75.2% and 89.7% respectively. 6,[10][11][12][13][14][15] Therefore, the Widal's test result can serve as a good indicator of the absence of typhoid fever. 11 This study revealed that the Widal's test had a sensitivity of 100%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17 This finding was similar to most of the studies reviewed whose value was above 70% specificity with exception of Deksissa and Gebremedhin (2019), Mawazo (2019) and Muthoni (2016) whose values were 44.4%, 18.3% and 47.7% respectively. 6,[10][11][12][13][14][15] As described by many scholars, false diagnosis of typhoid fever can lead to an inappropriate treatment which eventually leads to antibiotic resistance development, a serious threat to the global public health which if not addressed in time, may lead to mortality. 18,19 This study described the antibiotic sensitivity profile of S. typhi.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Typhoid diagnosis and associated prevailing drug resistance in Mbale city, Uganda

et al. 2022

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Background: The study aimed at determining the predictive values of Widal’s test against culture and the antimicrobial sensitivity profile of Salmonella typhi (S. typhi) isolates from patients attending private health facilities in Mbale city, Uganda. Methods: This was a quantitative cross-sectional study in which 172 participants were recruited. Blood and stool samples collected were cultured; and to each stool sample the following tests were done; Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate (XLD), Salmonella Shigella agar (SSA), and MacConkey. Isolates suggestive for S. typhi were examined with triple sugar iron (TSI) and SIM (Sulphur, indole, and motile) and antibiotic sensitivity test (Ciprofloxacin, Imipenem, Ceftriaxone, Chloramphenicol and Augmentin for sensitivity testing) conducted with Mueller Hinton respectively. Generated data was entered into the Epidemiological information (Epi Info) software (version 7) and analyzed using the contingency table to determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and the negative predictive value. The analysis was then presented in form of graphs and tables. Results: The positive predictive value (PPV) for Widal’s test was 6.8% while the negative predictive value (NPV) was 100%. Three isolates were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin (3, 100%) and Imipenem (3, 100%), intermediate to Ceftriaxone (2, 67%) and resistant to Chloramphenicol (2, 67%) and Augmentin (2, 67%). Conclusion: In comparison with culture, Widal’s test is highly sensitive (100%) with a low specificity of 76% and PPV (6.8%) and NPV (100%). It should therefore be followed up with a more specific confirmatory test. S. typhi was highly sensitive to both Ciprofloxacin and Imipenem; and resistant Chloramphenicol and Augmentin.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Typhoid diagnosis and associated prevailing drug resistance in Mbale city, Uganda

et al. 2022

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Typhoid diagnosis and associated prevailing drug resistance in Mbale city, Uganda

GIDUDU,

Nakavuma,

Muhanguzi

et al. 2024

F1000Res

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Background The study aimed at determining the predictive values of Widal’s test against culture and the antimicrobial sensitivity profile of Salmonella typhi (S. typhi) isolates from patients attending private health facilities in Mbale city, Uganda. This was to provide evidence-based information to policy implementers for guideline enforcement. Methods This was a quantitative cross-sectional study in which 172 participants were recruited. Blood and stool samples collected were cultured; and to each stool sample the following tests were done; Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate (XLD), Salmonella Shigella agar (SSA), and MacConkey. Isolates suggestive for S. typhi were examined with triple sugar iron (TSI) and SIM (Sulphur, indole, and motile) and antibiotic sensitivity test (Ciprofloxacin, Imipenem, Ceftriaxone, Chloramphenicol and Augmentin for sensitivity testing) conducted with Mueller Hinton respectively. Generated data was entered in the Epidemiological information (Epi Info) software (version 7) and analyzed using the contingency table to determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and the negative predictive value. The analysis was then presented in form of graphs and tables. Results The positive predictive value (PPV) for Widal’s test was 6.8% while the negative predictive value (NPV) was 100%. Three isolates were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin (3, 100%) and Imipenem (3, 100%), intermediate to Ceftriaxone (2, 67%) and resistant to Chloramphenicol (2, 67%) and Augmentin (2, 67%). Conclusion In comparison with culture, Widal’s test is highly sensitive (100%) with a low specificity of 76% and PPV (6.8%) and NPV (100%). It should therefore be followed up with a more specific confirmatory test. S. typhi was highly sensitive to both Ciprofloxacin and Imipenem; and resistant Chloramphenicol and Augmentin.

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Diversity in Enteric Fever Diagnostic Protocols and Recommendation for Composite Reference Standard

Igiri

Okoduwa

Munirat

et al. 2023

Iran J Med Microbiol

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Comparative Study of Widal test Against Stool Culture in Diagnosis of Typhoid Fever Suspected Cases in Kano, Northern Nigeria

Cited by 4 publications

References 11 publications

Typhoid diagnosis and associated prevailing drug resistance in Mbale city, Uganda

Typhoid diagnosis and associated prevailing drug resistance in Mbale city, Uganda

Typhoid diagnosis and associated prevailing drug resistance in Mbale city, Uganda

Diversity in Enteric Fever Diagnostic Protocols and Recommendation for Composite Reference Standard

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