Comparative Therapeutic and Pharmacological Evaluation of Amoxicillin and Ampicillin Plus Probenecid for the Treatment of Gonorrhea

Karney, Walter W.; Turck, Marvin; Holmes, King K.

doi:10.1128/aac.5.2.114

Cited by 24 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The results of these pharmacokinetic studies in infants and children are consistent with those reported in adult volunteers (2,3,8). Cyclacillin was rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after ingestion of the suspension in fasting and nonfasting subjects, and its bioavailability was unaffected by the feeding status in this age group.…”

supporting

confidence: 81%

Comparative pharmacokinetics of cyclacillin and amoxicillin in infants and children

Ginsburg

McCracken

Zweighaft

et al. 1981

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Concentrations of cyclacillin in serum over a 6-h period were similar in fasted and milk-fed infants who received 25-mg/kg doses of cyclacillin suspension. Measured by the concentration in serum after oral adnministration of 15-mg/kg doses, cyclacillin was absorbed more rapidly, reached larger concentrations, and -was cleared more promptly than was amoxicillin.Cyclacillin is an aminoalicyclic semisynthetic penicillin that has been approved by the Food Each child received either cyclacillin or amoxicillin trihydrate oral suspension (125 or 250 mg/ 5 ml) administered four or three times daily, respectively, for 10 days. Most children were studied on two separate occasions; once while fasting and once when the antibiotic was administered with 4 oz. (ca. 118 ml) of milk or milk formula (Similac or Enfamil). Fifteen children received cyclacillin only, and 12 received both drugs in crossover fashion. There was a 4-to 5-day interval between studies in most children. None of the children was receiving any other medication before or at the time of the studies. A research nurse administered the drugs to all children. Blood samples were obtained immediately before and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 180, and 360 min after the dose.Concentrations of cyclacillin and amoxicilhin in body fluids were assayed by the agar disk diffusion micromethod, using Sarcina lutea (ATCC 9341) as the test organism (6). Body fluid specimens and reference samples were diluted identically in pooled serum for measurement of serum concentrations. The day-to-day variation in the assay was ±10%.The equation for the regression line of the log serum concentrations of antibiotic against time was calculated by the method of least mean squares (5). The serum half-life was determined by dividing log1o2 by the slope of the line (5). The curve of the area under the serum concentration time, expressed as micrograms per hour per milliliter, was formulated by successive trapezoidal approximation (5).In vitro susceptibilities of 11 strains of H.

show abstract

supporting

confidence: 81%

Comparative pharmacokinetics of cyclacillin and amoxicillin in infants and children

Ginsburg

McCracken

Zweighaft

et al. 1981

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Karney et al (1974) reported 43 % of strains as relatively resistant (MIC .0-16 ptg/ml); we found a figure of 47 5 %.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 39%

“…We found that the proportion of strains relatively resistant to amoxycillin was 46%. In an evaluation of amoxycillin in the treatment of gonorrhoea in the USA, Karney et al (1974) reported a figure of 39%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-vitro activity of antimicrobial agents against Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Brussels.

Vanhoof¹,

Vanderlinden²,

Hubrechts³

et al. 1978

Sexually Transmitted Infections

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

suMMARY The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 18 antimicrobial agents against 104 strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated in the Brussels area between January and October 1976 have been measured. The MICs for penicillin G, ampicillin, amoxycillin, carbenicillin, and cephalexin showed a bimodal distribution. The second modus strains of cephalexin (MIC=6-25 ,ug/ml) were relatively resistant to penicillin G (MIC>0'08 ,tg/ml). About 51 % of all strains were relatively resistant to penicillin G, 40 5 % to ampicillin (MIC>0-16 .tg/ml), 46% to amoxycillin, and 47'5 % to carbenicillin. For cephalexin and cephaloridine, 25 % and 8 5 % respectively of all strains were relatively resistant (MIC > 3 12 jig/ml). For cefazolin all MICs fell into a range of 0 097-3 12 jig/ml.Resistance to tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycine, erythromycin, and spiramycin (MIC > I g/ml) was found in 9-5 %,7 %, 6 %, 36 5 %, and 71 % respectively of all isolates. No strains were resistant to rifampicin. For chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol the MICs ranged from 0 39 to 12-5 ,ug/ml and from 0-195 to 3-12 jig/ml respectively. The results for sulphamethoxazole, trimethoprim, and the combination of sulphamethoxazole and trimethoprim in a 20:1 ratio are given and discussed. The fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) indices have also been calculated. No ,-lactamase-producing strains were found, and a contingency coefficient C has been determined for all the pairs of antibiotics investigated.

show abstract

“…Nineteen of these studies reported adverse reactions in 569 patients and the safety of 11 drugs was assessed [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][36][37][38][39][40][41][44][45][46]49,50]. Similarly, 19 studies focused on oral monotherapy [51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70]. These studies of oral drugs involved 3782 patients, and compared the efficacy of 11 antibiotics.…”

Section: Literature Search Process and Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy and Safety of Injectable and Oral Antibiotics in Treating Gonorrhea: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis

Yang

Dhital

Naderer

2019

JCM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Gonorrhea is the second most frequently reported sexually transmitted infectious disease of bacterial origin in the world. Current empiric therapies rely on broad-spectrum antibiotics. However, treatment options are becoming limited due to the rise of drug-resistant gonorrhea. To control the rise of drug-resistant gonorrhea and to identify alternative treatment options, clinicians will have to increasingly rely on experimental evidence for the treatment of gonorrhea patients. Thus, we performed a systematic review and network meta-analysis of all randomized clinical trials about the efficacy and safety of various antibiotic regimens in adults with gonorrhea. We searched all references in Embase and PubMed from the date of their inception to January 2019, and then an updated search was performed in March 2019. Of the 28,843 identified references, 44 fulfilled our selection criteria. We used a network meta-analysis based on a frequentist approach to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 12 injectable and 11 oral antibiotics. The efficacy of treatments was ranked by p score and inconsistency was assessed by a back-calculation method. Certainty of evidence was evaluated by the GRADE system. For injectable drugs, there was no difference in efficacy between a reference antibiotic and other drugs. However, ceftriaxone had significantly better efficacy than cefuroxime (OR, 12.03; cephaloridine (OR, 42.41; kanamycin (OR, 5.45; penicillin (OR, 13.11;, and spectinomycin (OR, 4.70; 95% CI 1.62-13.62). Thus, ceftriaxone was the most effective injectable drug (p score of 0.924). As for oral drugs, azithromycin was the most effective compound (p score of 0.8633). There were no significant differences in safety between injectable and oral treatments. In our systematic review of randomized controlled trials, we found azithromycin and ceftriaxone to be the most effective antibiotics for the treatment of gonorrhea. This is in line with current guidelines which recommend a combination therapy of azithromycin and ceftriaxone for the treatment of gonorrhea due to increased antimicrobial resistance. Our analysis identified gentamicin and ofloxacin as alternative therapeutics to treat drug-resistant gonorrhea.

show abstract

Comparative Therapeutic and Pharmacological Evaluation of Amoxicillin and Ampicillin Plus Probenecid for the Treatment of Gonorrhea

Cited by 24 publications

References 12 publications

Comparative pharmacokinetics of cyclacillin and amoxicillin in infants and children

Comparative pharmacokinetics of cyclacillin and amoxicillin in infants and children

In-vitro activity of antimicrobial agents against Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Brussels.

Efficacy and Safety of Injectable and Oral Antibiotics in Treating Gonorrhea: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About