Comparative therapeutic efficacies of oral and in-water administered levamisole, piperazine and fenbendazole against experimental Ascaridia galli infection in chickens

Feyera, Teka; Ruhnke, Isabelle; Sharpe, Brendan; Elliott, Timothy; Shifaw, Anwar; Walkden‐Brown, Stephen W.

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109514

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Regarding treatment efficacy, it has been shown that the efficacy of FBZ against A. galli was lower when the drug was administered to hens through drinking water (81%) than when offered individually (99%). 29 It should be appreciated that our estimation was based on pooled faecal samples and obtained under field conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Practical and correct sampling procedures remain one of the greatest challenges of any parasite control strategy and undoubtedly need further investigation in chickens. Regarding treatment efficacy, it has been shown that the efficacy of FBZ against A. galli was lower when the drug was administered to hens through drinking water (81%) than when offered individually (99%) 29 . It should be appreciated that our estimation was based on pooled faecal samples and obtained under field conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Implementation of a targeted treatment strategy for the sustainable control of Ascaridia galli infections in laying hens

Tarbiat

Jansson

Höglund

2022

Veterinary Record Open

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Background: Ascaridia galli is a widespread problem in cage-free egg production. Sustainable control of nematode infections is a key component in this sector. This study investigates the effect of a treatment strategy against A. galli, aiming to propose a guideline for anthelmintic use on commercial poultry farms. Methods: A total of eight flocks of laying hens (a-h) from five commercial poultry farms were included in this study. Faecal samples were collected on a biweekly basis starting at 7-13 weeks post-placement (WPP) and processed using the McMaster method to calculate ascarid egg shedding. Flocks were treated after the threshold of 200 eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) was reached. Results:The highest initial faecal egg count was 6700 EPG at 11 WPP, whereas the lowest was 50 at 8 WPP. The longest delay to detect A. galli was 7 weeks. The lowest and the highest number of treatments were four and six, respectively. The shortest and longest periods between any two treatments were 5 and 22 weeks, respectively. Conclusions: These results suggest that monitoring for A. galli should start at approximately 7 WPP and should be repeated every 8 weeks until hens are 50 weeks old. Treatment should be given only if moderate to high faecal egg counts are observed. Treatments after this point may be repeated every 8 weeks without eventually performing a faecal test. These findings provide practical support to veterinarians and egg producers dealing with ascarid worm infection in laying hens in their production stage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of a targeted treatment strategy for the sustainable control of Ascaridia galli infections in laying hens

Tarbiat

Jansson

Höglund

2022

Veterinary Record Open

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“…However, to estimate the resistance level in a worm population using this method, calibration of EC 50 or EC 99 results with gold standard measures of anthelmintic efficacy such as the worm count reduction test is required. As AR does not appear to be currently widespread in the poultry industry (Tarbiat et al , 2017; Feyera et al , 2021a, et al b, et al 2022), finding A. galli isolates of known resistance status for such calibration is a substantial challenge. The EC 50 value for TBZ obtained in the current study was slightly lower (0.084 μg/ml) compared to the previously reported EC 50 value of 0.101–0.106 μg/ml (Tarbiat et al , 2017) using drug sensitive A. galli isolates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heavy reliance on a limited number of drugs combined with application of sub-therapeutic doses during mass application are likely to increase selection pressure for anthelmintic resistance (AR) in poultry nematodes (Knapp-Lawitzke et al , 2015; Tarbiat et al , 2016). At present, evidence of AR in chicken nematodes is scarce although the expansion of the free-range production system usually involving regular application of anthelmintics may further increase the risk of resistance (Tarbiat et al , 2016; Collins et al , 2021; Soudkolaei et al , 2021; Feyera et al , 2021a) et al . In order to delay the onset and spread of AR and ensure optimal use of the available anthelmintics, regular monitoring of the efficacy of anthelmintics is essential (Coles et al , 2006; Demeler et al , 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of in vitro methods of anthelmintic efficacy testing against Ascaridia galli

Feyera

Elliott

Sharpe³

et al. 2022

J. Helminthol.

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To investigate methods for in vitro assessment of anthelmintic efficacy against the chicken nematode Ascaridia galli this study firstly evaluated sample preparation methods including recovery of eggs from excreta using different flotation fluids and induced larval hatching by the deshelling–centrifugation method and the glass-bead method with or without bile. It then evaluated two in vitro assays, the in-ovo larval development assay (LDA) and larval migration inhibition assay (LMIA), for anthelmintic efficacy testing against A. galli using fresh eggs and artificially hatched larvae, respectively. Four anthelmintics, thiabendazole (TBZ), fenbendazole (FBZ), levamisole (LEV) and piperazine (PIP) were employed using an A. galli isolate of known susceptibility. The results suggested that the LDA and LMIA could successfully be used to generate concentration response curves for the tested drugs. The LDA provided EC50 values for inhibition of egg embryonation of 0.084 and 0.071 μg/ml for TBZ and FBZ, respectively. In the LMIA, the values of effective concentration (EC50) of TBZ, FBZ, LEV and PIP were 105.9, 6.32, 349.9 and 6.78 × 107 nM, respectively. For such in vitro studies, a saturated sugar solution showed high egg recovery efficiency (67.8%) and yielded eggs of the highest morphological quality (98.1%) and subsequent developmental ability (93.3%). The larval hatching assays evaluated did not differ in hatching efficiency but the deshelling–centrifugation method yielded larvae that had slightly better survival rates. For final standardization of these tests and establishment of EC50 reference values, tests using isolates of A. galli of defined resistance status need to be performed.

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“…The efficacy of diazinon and ivermectin was evaluated on the basis of clinical and parasitological evidence ( 29 , 30 ) on day zero (day of treatment) and on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 post-treatments. Lice count for the above corresponding days was conducted according to Holdsworth et al ( 31 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological and therapeutic studies on sheep lice in Sayint district, South Wollo Zone, Northeast Ethiopia

et al. 2022

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An epidemiological (cross-sectional) and therapeutic (randomized controlled field trial) study was conducted on sheep lice in Sayint district, South Wollo, Northeast Ethiopia. The aim of the study was to (i) quantify the magnitude of sheep lice burden and the prevailing lice species, (ii) identify and quantify risk factors affecting lice infestation in sheep, and (iii) evaluate the efficacy of commonly used acaricides (diazinon and ivermectin) against sheep lice infestation. A total of 232 randomly selected sheep, 15 naturally infested sheep, and 80 viable Bovicola ovis lice were used for epidemiological, in vivo, and in vitro based therapeutic studies, respectively. Three naturally infested treatment groups each with five sheep (Group I—treated with diazinon, Group II—treated with ivermectin, and Group III—untreated/control) were used for in vivo therapeutic study. Lice count for the corresponding treatment groups was conducted on weekly basis using clinical and parasitological examinations. We used logistic regression to quantify the association between different putative risk factors and lice infestation, and the independent t-test and one-way ANOVA to compare the within and between treatment group mean lice count variations. The overall prevalence of sheep lice in the study area was 48.3%, where Bovicola ovis (83%) was the dominant lice species. Hair length, body condition, agroecology, and season were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with sheep lice infestation. Analysis of variance revealed that mean lice count significantly (P < 0.05) varies between treatment groups. A significant (P < 0.05) low mean lice cunt was recorded in diazinon- and ivermectin-treated groups when compared to untreated group. The in vivo efficacy of ivermectin (81%) was lower than diazinon (99%) when compared to the efficacy standard limit (98–100%). However, no significant mean lice count variation was recorded between the two groups. In vivo (99%) and in vitro (95%) assay evidence revealed that diazinon was highly effective for the treatment of sheep lice. According to this study, it can be concluded that the magnitude of sheep lice burden in Sayint district was found to be high and this could have a potential negative impact on sheep productivity and health performances. Thus, applying an appropriate intervention measure including the right choice of effective acaricides could help to control sheep lice in the study area.

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Comparative therapeutic efficacies of oral and in-water administered levamisole, piperazine and fenbendazole against experimental Ascaridia galli infection in chickens

Cited by 17 publications

References 58 publications

Implementation of a targeted treatment strategy for the sustainable control of Ascaridia galli infections in laying hens

Implementation of a targeted treatment strategy for the sustainable control of Ascaridia galli infections in laying hens

Evaluation of in vitro methods of anthelmintic efficacy testing against Ascaridia galli

Epidemiological and therapeutic studies on sheep lice in Sayint district, South Wollo Zone, Northeast Ethiopia

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