Comparative transcriptome profiles of Schistosoma japonicum larval stages: Implications for parasite biology and host invasion

Cheng, Shaoyun; Zhu, Bingkuan; Luo, Fang; Lin, Xiying; Sun, Chengsong; You, Yanmin; Yi, Cun; Xu, Bin; Wang, Jipeng; Lü, Yan; Hu, Wei

doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0009889

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…S8C), and it encodes a metallopeptidase named Neprilysin4 (Additional file 2 : Table S9; Additional file 1 : Fig. S7) that is thought to aid the parasite in escaping the immune attack of O. hupensis after invasion by miracidia [ 53 ]. Nep4 was highly expressed in the miracidium, a critical offstage in the invasion of intermediate hosts (Additional file 1 : Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, snails from the Yunnan and Sichuan provinces grouped in separate clades on the phylogenetic tree [ 97 ], a result that may be related to the difference in Rab6 haplotypes between the two populations. Besides, Nep4 encodes Neprilysin4, a protein that may be involved in the inactivation of the snail host’s immunocytes [ 53 ]. RNA-seq data showed that Nep4 was highly expressed at the miracidia stage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Female and male RNA-seq data for 14–28 dpi were downloaded from the NCBI database (project number PRJNA343582) [ 52 ], and the RNA-seq data of the four developmental stages (egg, miracidium, sporocyst, and cercaria) of S. japonicum larvae were obtained from NCBI (project ID: PRJNA719283) [ 53 ]. We used fastp (version 0.23.1) [ 29 ] to perform quality control on the raw data.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterizing genetic variation on the Z chromosome in Schistosoma japonicum reveals host-parasite co-evolution

Zhou,

Zhang,

et al. 2024

Parasites Vectors

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Background Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease that afflicts millions of people worldwide; it is caused by Schistosoma, the only dioecious flukes with ZW systems. Schistosoma japonicum is endemic to Asia; the Z chromosome of S. japonicum comprises one-quarter of the entire genome. Detection of positive selection using resequencing data to understand adaptive evolution has been applied to a variety of pathogens, including S. japonicum. However, the contribution of the Z chromosome to evolution and adaptation is often neglected. Methods We obtained 1,077,526 high-quality SNPs on the Z chromosome in 72 S. japonicum using re-sequencing data publicly. To examine the faster Z effect, we compared the sequence divergence of S. japonicum with two closely related species, Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni. Genetic diversity was compared between the Z chromosome and autosomes in S. japonicum by calculating the nucleotide diversity (π) and Dxy values. Population structure was also assessed based on PCA and structure analysis. Besides, we employed multiple methods including Tajima’s D, FST, iHS, XP-EHH, and CMS to detect positive selection signals on the Z chromosome. Further RNAi knockdown experiments were performed to investigate the potential biological functions of the candidate genes. Results Our study found that the Z chromosome of S. japonicum showed faster evolution and more pronounced genetic divergence than autosomes, although the effect may be smaller than the variation among genes. Compared with autosomes, the Z chromosome in S. japonicum had a more pronounced genetic divergence of sub-populations. Notably, we identified a set of candidate genes associated with host-parasite co-evolution. In particular, LCAT exhibited significant selection signals within the Taiwan population. Further RNA interference experiments suggested that LCAT is necessary for S. japonicum survival and propagation in the definitive host. In addition, we identified several genes related to the specificity of the intermediate host in the C-M population, including Rab6 and VCP, which are involved in adaptive immune evasion to the host. Conclusions Our study provides valuable insights into the adaptive evolution of the Z chromosome in S. japonicum and further advances our understanding of the co-evolution of this medically important parasite and its hosts. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterizing genetic variation on the Z chromosome in Schistosoma japonicum reveals host-parasite co-evolution

Zhou,

Zhang,

et al. 2024

Parasites Vectors

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“…Schistosomiasis is a zoonosis caused by Schistosoma parasites that is widely prevalent in tropical and subtropical areas and has drawn limited research attention [ 1 , 2 ]. There are multiple types of schistosomes, mainly including Schistosoma aegypti , S. mansoni , and S. japonicum [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diterpenoids with Schistosomula-Killing and Anti-Fibrosis Activities In Vitro from the Leaves of Croton tiglium

Li,

Zhao,

Zheng

et al. 2024

Molecules

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The leaves of C. tiglium have been comprehensively researched for their structurally novel bioactive natural compounds, especially those with anti-schistosomiasis liver fibrosis activity, because ethyl acetate extract, which can be extracted from the leaves of C. tiglium, has good anti-schistosomiasis liver fibrosis effects. One new tigliane-type diterpene, 20-acetyl-13-O-(2-metyl)butyryl-phorbol (1), and nine known (2–10) analogues were isolated from the leaves of C. tiglium. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and ECD analysis. All diterpenoids had a stronger insecticidal effect on schistosomula, and compounds 2, 4, and 10 had good anti-liver-fibrosis effects. Furthermore, compared with the model group, compound 2 significantly downregulated the protein and mRNA expression of COL-I, COL-III, α-SMA, and TGF-β1 on TGF-β1-induced liver fibrosis in LX-2 cells. Meanwhile, compound 2 also regulated the expression of TGF-β/Smad-pathway-related proteins. The results suggest that diterpenoids from C. tiglium may serve as potential schistosomula-killing and anti-liver-fibrosis agents in the future.

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“…[ 20 ]; Clonorchis sinensis [ 21 , 22 , 23 ]; Schistosoma spp. [ 24 , 25 , 26 ]; and Fasciola hepatica [ 27 , 28 , 29 ]. To obtain transcriptomic insights into the differential expression of the stage-specific gene in N. fowleri , this study used RNA-Seq to analyze the transcriptome of N. fowleri cysts transferred to encystment buffer for 3 days compared with an N. fowleri trophozoite control group.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

De Novo Transcriptome Profiling of Naegleria fowleri Trophozoites and Cysts via RNA Sequencing

Sohn

Kim

et al. 2023

Pathogens

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Naegleria fowleri is a pathogenic free-living amoeba, commonly found around the world in warm, fresh water and soil. N. fowleri trophozoites can infect humans by entering the brain through the nose and causing usually fatal primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). Trophozoites can encyst to survive under unfavorable conditions such as cold temperature, starvation, and desiccation. Recent technological advances in genomics and bioinformatics have provided unique opportunities for the identification and pre-validation of pathogen-related and environmental resistance through improved understanding of the biology of pathogenic N. fowleri trophozoites and cysts at a molecular level. However, genomic and transcriptomic data on differential expression genes (DEGs) between trophozoites and cysts of N. fowleri are very limited. Here, we report transcriptome Illumina RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) for N. fowleri trophozoites and cysts and de novo transcriptome assembly. RNA-seq libraries were generated from RNA extracted from N. fowleri sampled from cysts, and a reference transcriptome was generated through the assembly of trophozoite data. In the database, the assembly procedure resulted in 42,220 contigs with a mean length of 11,254 nucleotides and a C+G content of 37.21%. RNA sequencing showed that 146 genes in cysts of N. fowleri indicated 2-fold upregulation in comparison with trophozoites of N. fowleri, and 163 genes were downregulated; these genes were found to participate in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway. The KEGG pathway included metabolic (131 sequences) and genetic information processing (66 sequences), cellular processing (43 sequences), environmental information processing (22 sequences), and organismal system (20 sequences) pathways. On the other hand, an analysis of 11,254 sequences via the Gene Ontology database showed that their annotations contained 1069 biological processes including the cellular process (228 sequences) and metabolic process (214 sequences); 923 cellular components including cells (240 sequences) and cell parts (225 sequences); and 415 molecular functions including catalytic activities (195 sequences) and binding processes (186 sequences). Differential expression levels increased in cysts of N. fowleri compared to trophozoites of N. fowleri, which were mainly categorized as serine/threonine protease, kinase, and lipid metabolism-related proteins. These results may provide new insights into pathogen-related genes or environment-resistant genes in the pathogenesis of N. fowleri.

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Comparative transcriptome profiles of Schistosoma japonicum larval stages: Implications for parasite biology and host invasion

Cited by 8 publications

References 106 publications

Characterizing genetic variation on the Z chromosome in Schistosoma japonicum reveals host-parasite co-evolution

Characterizing genetic variation on the Z chromosome in Schistosoma japonicum reveals host-parasite co-evolution

Diterpenoids with Schistosomula-Killing and Anti-Fibrosis Activities In Vitro from the Leaves of Croton tiglium

De Novo Transcriptome Profiling of Naegleria fowleri Trophozoites and Cysts via RNA Sequencing

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