Comparative viral frequency in Mexican children under 5 years of age with and without upper respiratory symptoms

Abstract

In Mexico, there is a lack of up-to-date published data that show viruses to be the main cause of acute respiratory infection (ARI). The objective of this study was to estimate the comparative viral frequency between children under the age of 5 years with and without ARI (n ¼ 179 in each group) in a suburban community (Nezahualcó yotl City). A nasopharyngeal sample was collected for viral culture and identification was carried out by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) using mAbs. There were no sex differences between the two groups. Children under 1 year of age with ARI showed a higher frequency (56 %) of viral infections; this was statistically significant (P , 0·05) when compared with the same age group in ARI-free children (17 %). Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was the most prevalent type of virus isolated from both groups (38 vs 18 %). A statistically significantly higher number of subjects with ARI (33/179) than without (12/179) were infected with RSV (P , 0·003). Prevalences of four other viruses studied were similar in the two groups. The highest viral incidence of ARI in children was detected in the winter-spring seasonal period.

Frequency of viruses associated with acute respiratory infections in children younger than five years of age at a locality of Mexico City

“…These results reveal that viral infection predominated in ARIs, which agrees with reports by other authors (Sutmoller et al 1995, Sharma et al 1999, Gatchalian et al 1999, Greenwood 1999, West 2002, Manjarrez et al 2003, Noyola et al 2004) who mention that between 30 and 90% of ARIs are caused by viruses. In relation to age, we expected to find a higher frequency of both total viruses and RSV in group 1 (children younger than 1 year of age) however, it is known that the frequency of this virus is higher in younger children, in which it is devastating; however, the lowest percentage of total viruses (16%) was detected in this group.…”

“…The nasopharyngeal exudates or lavage samples were inoculated in Vero, HeLa, MDCK, and HEp-2 cells previously grown in 8-well chambers and processed as described else were (Manjarrez et al 2003). Viral identification was made by indirect immunofluorescence, using monoclonal antibodies for the following viruses: RSV, influenza A (IA), influenza B (IB), adenovirus (AD), and parainfluenza 1, 2, and 3 (PI) (Dako, California, US).…”

Adenoviruses C in non-hospitalized Mexican children older than five years of age with acute respiratory infection

“…Furthermore, most of the studies have investigated respiratory syncytial viruses and recently metapneunovirus, especially in children during the first two years of life (Golubjatnikov et al 1975, Tirado et al 1995, Bustamante-Calvillo et al 2001, Manjarrez et al 2003, Noyola et al 2005 . Therefore the aim of this paper was to investigate the presence of AdV associated to ARI in non-hospitalized children older than five years old, as an example of adenovirus infection in a community, and at the same time to identify the AdV species involved in these infections.…”

“…There have been few studies about AdV infections in non-hospitalized children with mild respiratory infection (Freymuth et al 1997), and in Mexico there is a lack of published data about the etiological agents causing ARI (Manjarrez et al 2003, Cabello et al 2006. For that reason, we investigated the presence of AdV involved in respiratory infections of non-hospitalized children, and in order to have an easy method for AdV screening in clinical samples and at the same time determine which AdV species were involved, a PCR followed by an enzymatic digestion using only one restriction enzyme was designed.…”

Role of monocyte chemotactic protein-3 and -4 in children with virus exacerbation of asthma

“…When cytopathic effects were extensive, detached cells were analysed using an immunofluorescence kit (3105; Chemicon, Temecula, CA, USA) [7].…”