“…Estimated Gini coefficients are adjusted for comparability (Fochesato et al . 2019). Date estimates represent the midpoint of the time intervals provided in the original sources (figure by the authors).Figure 4.The frequency distribution of the Gini coefficients for labour- and land-limited economies.…”
Section: Inequality In Labour- and Land-limited Farming Economiesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Estimated Gini coefficients are adjusted for comparability (Fochesato et al . 2019). Date estimates represent the midpoint of the time intervals provided in the original sources (figure by the authors).…”
Section: Inequality In Labour- and Land-limited Farming Economiesmentioning
“…Estimated Gini coefficients are adjusted for comparability (Fochesato et al . 2019). Date estimates represent the midpoint of the time intervals provided in the original sources (figure by the authors).Figure 4.The frequency distribution of the Gini coefficients for labour- and land-limited economies.…”
Section: Inequality In Labour- and Land-limited Farming Economiesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Estimated Gini coefficients are adjusted for comparability (Fochesato et al . 2019). Date estimates represent the midpoint of the time intervals provided in the original sources (figure by the authors).…”
Section: Inequality In Labour- and Land-limited Farming Economiesmentioning
“…A notable increase can be observed in the standard deviation at the intra-site level ( Fig 6 ) suggesting a consolidation of silos of great volume within the same site. This could be due to the incipient development of inequality between domestic units or the outset of the development of extended families with a greater productive capacity [ 69 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Furthermore, among the different storage systems, the underground silo is the only type that can be approached on a broad scale from quantitative perspective. It must be noted that the study area, the NE of the Iberian Peninsula, is devoid of Tell type settlements known for other types of storage systems notably the “bin type” features [ 39 , 68 , 69 ] that have been the subject of research adopting a similar approach to that of this study.…”
The objective of this paper is to assess foodstuff storage throughout Recent Prehistory (5600–50 BCE) from the standpoint of the three different types (household, surplus and supra-household) identified in the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula. The volumetric data of the underground silos serves as a proxy to evaluate the link between them and the agricultural systems and technological changes. The study also assesses the ability, and specifically, the will of the ancient communities of the northeastern Iberia to generate domestic and extra-domestic surpluses.
“…And yet, the assumption that the political economy of complex societies will inevitably stratify remains firmly entrenched, even in settings where there is no empirical evidence for a separate group of rulers who are better off than everyone else. For example, a popular argument is that there is a causal link between urbanization, increasing agricultural labor demands, and wealth disparity (Bogaard et al 2018(Bogaard et al , 2019Fernández-Götz and Krausse 2017;Fochesato et al 2019;Porčić 2019;Smith et al 2018). Even in contexts where archaeologists are confident that power is diffuse and collectivity predominates, it is often assumed that wealth stratification lies behind large societal endeavors.…”
Section: Do Complex Societies Necessarily Have a Ruling Class?mentioning
The cities of the Indus civilization were expansive and planned with large-scale architecture and sophisticated Bronze Age technologies. Despite these hallmarks of social complexity, the Indus lacks clear evidence for elaborate tombs, individual-aggrandizing monuments, large temples, and palaces. Its first excavators suggested that the Indus civilization was far more egalitarian than other early complex societies, and after nearly a century of investigation, clear evidence for a ruling class of managerial elites has yet to materialize. The conspicuous lack of political and economic inequality noted by Mohenjo-daro’s initial excavators was basically correct. This is not because the Indus civilization was not a complex society, rather, it is because there are common assumptions about distributions of wealth, hierarchies of power, specialization, and urbanism in the past that are simply incorrect. The Indus civilization reveals that a ruling class is not a prerequisite for social complexity.
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