Comparing Generation III Relaxor-PT Single Crystal with Modified PZT-4 for Power Ultrasonics Devices

Abstract

In 1982, Kuwata's group at the Tokyo Institute of Technology in Japan introduced single crystals based on relaxorlead titanate (relaxor-PT), which have subsequently revolutionised the field of piezoelectric materials due to their superior piezoelectric properties achievable through various domainengineered configurations [1]. Since then, a first ultrasonic probe patent based on PZN-PT crystal was revealed [2], followed by remarkable findings of an extremely high strain that could be generated by . PMN-PT (Gen. I single crystal) has high dielectric and piezoelectric properties but suffers from low depolarisation temperature and quality factor. PIN-PMN-PT (Gen. II single crystal) improves on these properties, and doping with manganese (Gen. III single crystal) makes it more suitable for highpower ultrasonic devices. Applications, such as miniaturised Glasgow