Comparing Pressure Aging Vessel Time to Field Aging of Binder as a Function of Pavement Depth and Time

Smith, Braden T.; Howard, Isaac L.; Jordan, Walter S.; Daranga, Codrin; Baumgardner, Gaylon L.

doi:10.1177/0361198118790836

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Mixture aging is complex and is more than binder oxidation (e.g., steric hardening, rearrangement), and aging is more than bond strength gains or losses and microcracking. Mixture aging is non-uniform (33,34), with oxygen and moisture diffusion occurring (35-37) alongside temperature gradients (6). These mechanisms also interact with the character of the mixture itself (e.g., void structure).…”

Section: Combined-effects Conditioning and Field Environmental Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Effects of Oxidation, Moisture, and Freeze–Thaw on Asphalt Mixtures

Bazuhair

Howard

Middleton³

et al. 2020

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation R

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This article demonstrates the need to laboratory condition asphalt mixtures to simulate combined environmental effects and then to test unconditioned and conditioned specimens in a manner that damage from these environmental effects can be accumulated. The current state-of-the-art for evaluating asphalt mixtures for use on projects relies on either single-mechanism laboratory conditioning such as oxidation in AASHTO R30, or test methods that cannot accumulate combined effects such as indirect tensile strength in AASHTO T283. This article evaluated hundreds of laboratory-conditioned and field-aged specimens in a hot and no-freeze climate to demonstrate a laboratory conditioning protocol that was able to simulate at least 4 years of field aging, whereas conventional single-mechanism protocols were not. Temperature and moisture conditions within asphalt mixtures were measured over time and used as part of the assessment. The conditioning protocol that showed the most promise consisted of combined exposure to oxidation, moisture, and freeze–thaw mechanisms. The specific combined-effects conditioning protocol used here was 5 days of oxidation at 85°C, 14 days of moisture while submerged in 64°C water, and one freeze–thaw cycle. Other combined-effects protocols could be more suitable for other environments or situations; the main point of this article is that inclusion of oxidation, moisture, and freeze–thaw conditioning into one protocol is promising. The environmental conditions and mechanical property test data presented here suggest the asphalt industry needs to be harsher on mixes during laboratory evaluations, and that combined environmental effects conditioning should be given implementation consideration.

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Section: Combined-effects Conditioning and Field Environmental Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Effects of Oxidation, Moisture, and Freeze–Thaw on Asphalt Mixtures

Bazuhair

Howard

Middleton³

et al. 2020

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation R

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“…Performance-related binder specifications should therefore provide a means to select an appropriate binder in an economic, unbiased and competitive way, and should classify bituminous binders on unbiased grounds, while considering possible changes in the binder rheology experienced during the production and the service life of the asphalt layer (Smith et al 2018).…”

Section: Contact Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of a performance-grade bitumen specification in South Africa

Bredenhann¹,

Myburgh

Kj³

et al. 2019

J. S. Afr. Inst. Civ. Eng.

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Town in 1965, following which he was employed by the Provincial Government of the Cape Province as engineer in their Roads Department. From 1982 he was Chief Executive Officer of the Southern African Bitumen Association (SABITA) until his retirement in 2006. Since then he has acted as specialist consultant in pavement and materials engineering. He is a Fellow of the South African Institution of Civil Engineering, as well as of the Society for Asphalt Technology. His other interests include music and wildlife photography.

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“…Abdullah et al [20] added that the short-term ageing protocol (ASTM D2872 [6]) is not adequate for the simulation of asphalt's short-term ageing in tropical regions since high daily temperatures, humidity, and ultraviolet radiation significantly affect the physical and rheological properties of the asphalt. Smith et al [21] found that, through using samples extracted from a pavement surface layer aged 6.5 years, a PAV test protocol of 20 h simulated two years of ageing. For asphalts extracted from the top, in a depth of 1.3 cm, 21 h in the PAV represented two years of ageing in the field, and 45 h in the PAV represented four years of ageing in the field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of the Time Needed for Long-Term Asphalt Ageing in the Rolling Thin Film Oven Relative to That of the Pressure Ageing Vessel

de Oliveira,

Cittadella,

Rohde

et al. 2023

Materials

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Rheological test standards require asphalt samples, both original and under ageing conditions. The most common laboratory equipment in specifications for short-term and long-term ageing simulation tests are the rolling thin film oven (RTFO) and the pressure ageing vessel (PAV). However, the cost of acquiring PAV and the duration of long-term ageing tests can be a limiting factor. This work aimed to establish the equivalent time of the long-term ageing test in the RTFO that corresponds to the PAV. For this, the Brazilian asphalt PEN 50/70, specified by penetration, was aged at different times (85, 170, 255, and 340 min) in the RTFO at the standard temperature (163 °C). For each time, using a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), tests such as Multiple Stress Creep Recovery (MSCR) and Linear Amplitude Sweep (LAS) were performed, and the rheological properties (complex modulus (G*) and phase angle (δ)) were measured. The same tests were conducted on the samples aged in the long term and in the PAV. The test parameters obtained from applying different times while using the RTFO were compared with the PAV results, and the equivalent time was settled through linear regression, resulting in 300 min. In order to confirm the equivalent time, samples aged in the RTFO for 300 min were assessed using the same rheological tests, and the parameters were compared to those obtained after PAV ageing. At the equivalent time, the difference between RTFO and the PAV for the rutting parameter (G*/sinδ, 58 °C) was 6%, while for the fatigue parameter (G*.sinδ, 19 °C), the difference was 1.0%. The MSCR non-recoverable creep compliance parameter differences, considering stress levels of 0.1 kPa and 3.2 kPa, were 9.7% and 11.7%, respectively. For the fatigue life obtained in the LAS test at strain levels of 1.25% and 2.5%, the difference between RTFO and PAV, at the equivalent time, was 7.6% and 7.8%, respectively. For the Brazilian unmodified asphalt PEN 50/70 and parameters evaluated in this work, 300 min is the equivalent time that simulates long-term ageing in the RTFO.

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Comparing Pressure Aging Vessel Time to Field Aging of Binder as a Function of Pavement Depth and Time

Cited by 18 publications

References 11 publications

Combined Effects of Oxidation, Moisture, and Freeze–Thaw on Asphalt Mixtures

Combined Effects of Oxidation, Moisture, and Freeze–Thaw on Asphalt Mixtures

Implementation of a performance-grade bitumen specification in South Africa

Simulation of the Time Needed for Long-Term Asphalt Ageing in the Rolling Thin Film Oven Relative to That of the Pressure Ageing Vessel

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