Comparing real-life effectiveness of various COVID-19 vaccine regimens during the delta variant-dominant pandemic: a test-negative case-control study

Sritipsukho, Paskorn; Khawcharoenporn, Thana; Siribumrungwong, Boonying; Damronglerd, Pansachee; Suwantarat, Nuntra; Satdhabudha, Araya; Chaiyakulsil, Chanapai; Sinlapamongkolkul, Phakatip; Tangsathapornpong, Auchara; Bunjoungmanee, Pornumpa; Nanthapisal, Sira; Tanprasertkul, Chamnan; Sritipsukho, Naiyana; Mingmalairak, Chatchai; Apisarnthanarak, Anucha; Tantiyavarong, Pichaya

doi:10.1080/22221751.2022.2037398

Cited by 59 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In ChAdOx1 schedule (74%) compared to homologous 2-dose ChAdOx1 (83%), and higher than 2-dose CoronaVac (60%) schedule 23 . In countries where mRNA vaccines are in limited supply, their use as a second dose in the primary series or third dose would have the benefit of providing robust immunogenicity while also potentially reducing the risks of the rare side effects such as pericarditis and myocarditis which are mainly reported after the second dose of mRNA vaccines 24,25 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…With improved vaccination coverage, particularly in LMICs, this would reduce the chance of new variants emerging and improve global equity. Evaluation of such schedule in a Thailand have revealed similar vaccine effectiveness between heterologous CoronaVac-ChAdOx1 schedule (74%) compared to homologous 2-dose ChAdOx1 (83%), and higher than 2-dose CoronaVac (60%) schedule 23 . In countries where mRNA vaccines are in limited supply, their use as a second dose in the primary series or third dose would have the benefit of providing robust immunogenicity while also potentially reducing the risks of the rare side effects such as pericarditis and myocarditis which are mainly reported after the second dose of mRNA vaccines 24,25 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Immunogenicity and reactogenicity against the SARS-CoV-2 variants following heterologous primary series involving CoronaVac and ChAdOx1 and BNT162b2 plus heterologous BNT162b2 booster vaccination: An open-label randomized study in healthy Thai adults

Niyomnaitham

Toh

Wongprompitak

et al. 2022

Preprint

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We evaluated the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of heterologous COVID-19 primary series vaccination schedules. Participants were randomized to one of seven groups that received two-dose homologous BNT162b2 or heterologous combinations of CoronaVac, ChAdOx1 and BNT162b2, with 4 weeks interval. Of 210 participants, median age was 38 (19-60) years, 51% were female. The groups that received BNT162b2 as second dose induced the highest virus-specific IgG response against the ancestral strain [BNT162b2: geometric mean concentration (GMC) 2133-2249, 95%CI 1558 to 3055; ChAdOx1: 851-1201, 95%CI 649 to 1522; CoronaVac: 137-225, 95%CI 103-286 BAU/mL], neutralising antibodies (NAb) against Beta and Delta, and interferon gamma response. All groups induced low to negligible NAb against Omicron. A BNT162b2 booster (3rd dose) following heterologous CoronaVac and ChAdOx1 regimens induced >140-fold increase in NAb titres against Omicron. Our findings indicate that heterologous regimens using BNT162b2 as the second dose may be considered an alternative schedule to maximize immune response.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Immunogenicity and reactogenicity against the SARS-CoV-2 variants following heterologous primary series involving CoronaVac and ChAdOx1 and BNT162b2 plus heterologous BNT162b2 booster vaccination: An open-label randomized study in healthy Thai adults

Niyomnaitham

Toh

Wongprompitak

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…For CoronaVac, data was comparatively limited. 344 , 345 One large national cohort study in Chile, including about 2 million 6–16 years old participants, suggests that programmed vaccination of CoronaVac remains effective against Delta variant, reducing 74.5% (95% CI, 73.8–75.2) of symptomatic infection and 91.0% (95% CI, 87.8–93.4) of hospitalization. 346 However, CoronaVac VE against Gamma variant 14 days post the second dose was estimated to be 46.8% (95% CI, 38.7–53.8) regarding symptomatic infection and 55.5% (95% CI, 46.5–62.9) regarding hospitalization, suggesting that Gamma variant may dramatically compromise CoronaVac-elicited immune protection.…”

Section: Molecular Characteristics Of Sequence and The Encoded Protei...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characteristics, immune evasion, and impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants

Sun

Xie

et al. 2022

Sig Transduct Target Ther

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The persistent COVID-19 pandemic since 2020 has brought an enormous public health burden to the global society and is accompanied by various evolution of the virus genome. The consistently emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants harboring critical mutations impact the molecular characteristics of viral proteins and display heterogeneous behaviors in immune evasion, transmissibility, and the clinical manifestation during infection, which differ each strain and endow them with distinguished features during populational spread. Several SARS-CoV-2 variants, identified as Variants of Concern (VOC) by the World Health Organization, challenged global efforts on COVID-19 control due to the rapid worldwide spread and enhanced immune evasion from current antibodies and vaccines. Moreover, the recent Omicron variant even exacerbated the global anxiety in the continuous pandemic. Its significant evasion from current medical treatment and disease control even highlights the necessity of combinatory investigation of the mutational pattern and influence of the mutations on viral dynamics against populational immunity, which would greatly facilitate drug and vaccine development and benefit the global public health policymaking. Hence in this review, we summarized the molecular characteristics, immune evasion, and impacts of the SARS-CoV-2 variants and focused on the parallel comparison of different variants in mutational profile, transmissibility and tropism alteration, treatment effectiveness, and clinical manifestations, in order to provide a comprehensive landscape for SARS-CoV-2 variant research.

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“…18,20 Our data is highly consistent with a recent study from Bangkok in Thailand evaluating 3 rd dose schedules against the delta variant. 21 In that study, the adjusted VE among individuals who received two and three doses of the vaccines was 65% (95% CI, 56-72), and 91% (95% CI, 84-95), respectively during the delta predominant period. This compares well with what we observed, 63% for two doses, 97% for three doses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Although the current study did not have su cient events to compare VE of third dose against delta by vaccine type, the recent publication by Sritipsukho et al, found comparable protection from a third dose of ChAdOx1 and BNT162b2. 21 Together, this data strongly suggests that accelerating the third and fourth dose vaccinations and increasing coverage by using any vaccines available, particularly among those aged 60 and older or those with co-morbidities is a valid strategy. Vaccination in addition to using personal protection measures such as wearing a mask, social distancing, and avoiding crowded settings, can help to reduce omicron strain outbreaks and, more importantly, mortality in the elderly or those with co-morbidities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Effectiveness of heterologous 3rd and 4th dose COVID-19 vaccine schedules for SARS-CoV-2 infection during delta and omicron predominance in Thailand.

Chariyalertsak

Intawong

Chalom³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has evolved quickly, with numerous waves of different variants of concern resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality globally. With the rapid availability of vaccines, Thailand has responded with a robust campaign to protect those at highest risk first, followed by population level protection. To ensure adequate vaccination coverage, agility was required, and Thailand has proactively adopted heterologous vaccination schedules to manage vaccine availability. While randomised controlled trials have assessed homologous schedules in detail, limited data has been reported for heterologous vaccine effectiveness (VE). Utilising a unique active surveillance network established in Chiang Mai, Northern Thailand, we conducted a test-negative case control study to assess the vaccine effectiveness of heterologous third and fourth dose schedules against SARS-CoV-2 infection during delta-predominant and omicron predominant periods. We noted very high effectiveness against delta infection after the third dose (adjusted VE 97%, 95% CI 94–99%) in comparison to moderate protection against omicron infection after a third dose (adjusted VE 31%, 95% CI 26–36%) and good protection after a fourth dose (adjusted VE 75%, 95% CI 71–80%). VE was consistent across age groups for both delta and omicron infection. The VE of third or fourth vaccine doses against omicron infection were equivalent for the three main vaccines used for boosting in Thailand suggesting coverage, rather than vaccine type is a much stronger predictor of protection. Additionally, a separate evaluation of a hospital patient management system noted extremely high effectiveness against severe COVID-19 and mortality outcomes after the third and fourth doses. Our data suggests that a fourth vaccination dose has a high probability of preventing infection and a very high probability of preventing death and severe COVID-19. This is critically important in preventing severity and unnecessary deaths but will also help to support the ongoing efforts to increase population coverage of booster doses.

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Comparing real-life effectiveness of various COVID-19 vaccine regimens during the delta variant-dominant pandemic: a test-negative case-control study

Cited by 59 publications

References 31 publications

Immunogenicity and reactogenicity against the SARS-CoV-2 variants following heterologous primary series involving CoronaVac and ChAdOx1 and BNT162b2 plus heterologous BNT162b2 booster vaccination: An open-label randomized study in healthy Thai adults

Immunogenicity and reactogenicity against the SARS-CoV-2 variants following heterologous primary series involving CoronaVac and ChAdOx1 and BNT162b2 plus heterologous BNT162b2 booster vaccination: An open-label randomized study in healthy Thai adults

Molecular characteristics, immune evasion, and impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants

Effectiveness of heterologous 3rd and 4th dose COVID-19 vaccine schedules for SARS-CoV-2 infection during delta and omicron predominance in Thailand.

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Comparing real-life effectiveness of various COVID-19 vaccine regimens during the delta variant-dominant pandemic: a test-negative case-control study

Cited by 59 publications

References 31 publications

Immunogenicity and reactogenicity against the SARS-CoV-2 variants following heterologous primary series involving CoronaVac and ChAdOx1 and BNT162b2 plus heterologous BNT162b2 booster vaccination: An open-label randomized study in healthy Thai adults

Immunogenicity and reactogenicity against the SARS-CoV-2 variants following heterologous primary series involving CoronaVac and ChAdOx1 and BNT162b2 plus heterologous BNT162b2 booster vaccination: An open-label randomized study in healthy Thai adults

Molecular characteristics, immune evasion, and impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants

﻿Effectiveness of heterologous 3rd and 4th dose COVID-19 vaccine schedules for SARS-CoV-2 infection during delta and omicron predominance in Thailand.

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Effectiveness of heterologous 3rd and 4th dose COVID-19 vaccine schedules for SARS-CoV-2 infection during delta and omicron predominance in Thailand.