Comparing the toxic potency in vivo of long-chain perfluoroalkyl acids and fluorinated alternatives

Gomis, Melissa; Vestergren, Robin; Borg, Daniel; Cousins, Ian T.

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2018.01.011

Cited by 309 publications

(174 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Their major manufacturer 3M has hence phased out the production of these two substances between 2000 and 2002 [1], yet other P FA S s s u c h a s a m m o n i u m 2 , 3 , 3 , 3 -t e t r a f l u o r o -2-(heptafluoropropoxy)-propanoate (GenX) have replaced these compounds [16]. Studies performed by Gomis et al [17] and Sun et al [18] even indicate a higher toxicity and a lower sorption on activated carbon for GenX than for PFOA, highlighting the importance of both legacy and novel PFASs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LC-MS screening of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances in contaminated soil by Kendrick mass analysis

Bugsel

Zwiener

2020

Anal Bioanal Chem

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The application of contaminated paper sludge on arable land in southwest Germany caused the occurrence of a broad range of poly-and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) on soil. Recently, the dead-end transformation products (TPs) perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid were detected in groundwater and drinking water. The precursors and other transformation products mostly remained unknown. Therefore, HRMS screening by Kendrick mass analysis and assignment of homologous series in combination with suspect screening were applied to identify original PFASs and their TPs in four different soil samples from sites where contaminated paper sludge was applied. In total, twelve compound classes comprising more than 61 PFASs could be fully or tentatively identified. The data reveal that contamination mainly originates from polyfluorinated dialkylated phosphate esters (from 4:2/6:2 to 12:2/14:2), N-ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamide ethanol-based phosphate diesters (only C 8 / C 8) and transformation products of these precursors. Contamination patterns can be attributed to PFASs used for paper impregnation and can vary slightly from site to site. Keywords Poly-and perfluoroalkyl substances. High-resolution mass spectrometry. Screening. Kendrick mass. Soil. Contamination Abbreviations AIF All-ion fragmentation Da Dalton diPAP Polyfluorinated dialkylated phosphate ester diSAmPAP N-Ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamide ethanolbased phosphate diester EIC Extracted ion chromatogram ESI Electrospray ionization EtFASA N-Ethyl perfluoroalkanesulfonamide EtFASAA N-Ethylperfluoro-1-alkanesulfonamidoacetic acid EtFOSAA N-Ethylperfluoro-1-octanesulfonamidoacetic acid FASA Perfluoroalkanesulfonamide FOSA Perfluorooctanesulfonamide FTOH Fluorotelomer alcohol FTSA Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid FTUCA Fluorotelomer unsaturated carboxylic acid GenX A m m o n i u m 2 , 3 , 3 , 3-t e t r a f l u o r o-2-(heptafluoropropoxy) propanoate HRMS High-resolution mass spectrometry HS Homologous series KM Kendrick mass KMD Kendrick mass defect LC Liquid chromatography LTZ Landwirtschaftliches Technologiezentrum Augustenberg MeFASA N-Methyl perfluoroalkanesulfonamide MeOH Methanol MFE Molecular feature extraction NH 4 Ac Ammonium acetate Published in the topical collection Persistent and Mobile Organic Compounds-An Environmental Challenge with guest editors Torsten C.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LC-MS screening of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances in contaminated soil by Kendrick mass analysis

Bugsel

Zwiener

2020

Anal Bioanal Chem

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“…The long-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs) and perfluoroalkane sulfonates (PFSAs) are of particular concern due to persistent, toxic, and bioaccumulative properties (Gomis et al, 2018;Shi et al, 2018). In homologous series of PFCAs and PFSAs, the logarithm of the bioaccumulation factor (Log BAF) and the number of perfluoroalkyl carbon atoms were shown to be linearly correlated over a certain chain length range (Hong et al, 2015;Kwadijk et al, 2010;Xu et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal variations of perfluoroalkyl substances partitioning between surface water, suspended sediment, and biota in a macrotidal estuary

et al. 2019

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A temporal follow-up of PFAS partitioning was conducted in a macrotidal estuary. • Mean ΣPFASs = 6.5 ng L-1 in water, 3 ng g-1 in SPM, and 6.4 ng g-1 in invertebrates. • PFAS levels and profiles were relatively stable across different seasons. • Chain length was the key controlling factor of PFAS sorption and bioaccumulation. • Partitioning coefficients and bioaccumulation factors varied within a limited range.

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“…A recently published carcinogenicity study of PFOA in rats [41] found increased incidence of pancreatic tumors in males at all doses tested (approximately 1.1 to 4.6 mg/kg/day) which were lower and administered at an earlier age than in previous studies, highlighting the importance of developmental exposure with regards to carcinogenic classification and potential. Additionally, for other toxicological endpoints, short-chain PFAS with faster elimination rates were found to be equally or more toxic than PFOA when accounting for difference in toxicokinetics [46], a finding that may be relevant for cancer risk assessment.…”

Section: Existing Research On Pfas Exposure and Cancer Riskmentioning

confidence: 95%

Application of the Key Characteristics of Carcinogens to Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances

Temkin

Hocevar

Andrews

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) constitute a large class of environmentally persistent chemicals used in industrial and consumer products. Human exposure to PFAS is extensive, and PFAS contamination has been reported in drinking water and food supplies as well as in the serum of nearly all people. The most well-studied member of the PFAS class, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), induces tumors in animal bioassays and has been associated with elevated risk of cancer in human populations. GenX, one of the PFOA replacement chemicals, induces tumors in animal bioassays as well. Using the Key Characteristics of Carcinogens framework for cancer hazard identification, we considered the existing epidemiological, toxicological and mechanistic data for 26 different PFAS. We found strong evidence that multiple PFAS induce oxidative stress, are immunosuppressive, and modulate receptor-mediated effects. We also found suggestive evidence indicating that some PFAS can induce epigenetic alterations and influence cell proliferation. Experimental data indicate that PFAS are not genotoxic and generally do not undergo metabolic activation. Data are currently insufficient to assess whether any PFAS promote chronic inflammation, cellular immortalization or alter DNA repair. While more research is needed to address data gaps, evidence exists that several PFAS exhibit one or more of the key characteristics of carcinogens.

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Comparing the toxic potency in vivo of long-chain perfluoroalkyl acids and fluorinated alternatives

Cited by 309 publications

References 55 publications

LC-MS screening of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances in contaminated soil by Kendrick mass analysis

LC-MS screening of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances in contaminated soil by Kendrick mass analysis

Temporal variations of perfluoroalkyl substances partitioning between surface water, suspended sediment, and biota in a macrotidal estuary

Application of the Key Characteristics of Carcinogens to Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances

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