Comparing Urban Maxillofacial Trauma Patterns to the National Trauma Data Bank©

Cohn, Jason E.; Smith, Kiara C; Licata, Jordan; Michael, Alex; Zwillenberg, Seth; Burroughs, Tariuem; Arosarena, Oneida A.

doi:10.1177/0003489419878457

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The etiology of maxillofacial fractures has changed continuously over the past three decades, and they continue to do so [ 8 , 18 , 19 ]. Maxillofacial trauma has a multi-factorial etiology, such as road traffic accidents (RTAs), accidental falls, assaults, industrial mishaps, sports injuries, and firearm injuries (FAIs) [ 10 , 20 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Etiology and pattern of maxillofacial trauma

et al. 2022

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Introduction Maxillofacial trauma can be limited to superficial lacerations, abrasions, and facial bone fractures. The objective of this study was to determine the etiology, pattern, and predictors of soft tissue and bony injuries. Materials and methods This study was conducted in the department of maxillofacial surgery Lady Reading hospital Pakistan from Jan 2019 to June 2021. The nonprobability consecutive sampling technique was used for the selection of patients. All patients were assessed clinically and radiologically. The neurosensory examination was done for any altered sensation, anesthesia, or paresthesia. Motor nerve function was also assessed clinically. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26. The etiology and pattern of maxillofacial trauma were stratified among age and genders using the chi-square test to see effect modifiers. Tests for regression analysis were also applied. P≤0.05 was considered significant. Results A total of 253 patients meeting inclusion criteria were included in this study. The majority of these patients were males, 223 (88.1%), while only 30 (11.9%) were females. The mean age for the group was 25.4 ± 12.6 years. RTAs were the most common causes of trauma (63.6%) followed by assault (15.0%), falls (11.5%), FAIs (5.9%), and sports (0.4%). The most vulnerable skeletal part was the mandible (22.9%) followed by Zygoma (7.1%), significantly predicted by RTAs. Soft tissue laceration analysis showed a high frequency of multiple lacerations (38%) significantly predicted by FAIs. The frequency of trigeminal nerve injury was 5.5% (14 patients) and that of the facial nerve was 1.6% (4 patients). The strongest association of nerve injury was with firearm injury (47%), followed by road traffic accidents and sports injuries. Conclusion Road traffic accident was the most common etiological factor and mandible fracture was commonly predicted by RTA. Trigeminal nerve injuries were common, frequency of nerve injuries was highly associated with mandible fracture and was predicted by FAI.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Etiology and pattern of maxillofacial trauma

et al. 2022

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“…Nevertheless, geographic area and its population density, cultural differences and economic status can affect the incidence, etiology and clinical presentation of maxillofacial injuries. Many articles have described road traffic accidents as the leading etiologic factor in both developed and developing countries such as Italy (19), Taiwan (20), China (3), and Qatar (4), however assault (21), and falls (22), were the commonest causes of maxillofacial fractures in many other nations. As a developing country, Iran faces heavy traffic problems and traffic accidents that are on a rise year by year.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of the prevalence and pattern of maxillofacial trauma in the south of Iran

Yadollahi

Sahmeddini

2021

J Emerg Pract Trauma

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Objective: The purpose of the current study is to determine the prevalence and pattern of maxillofacial trauma. Methods: This is a cross sectional study of maxillofacial trauma cases treated in the referral trauma center of south of Iran. Data of 264 patients were extracted from patients’ records and analyzed. Data included patient’s demographics, injury mechanism, types of maxillofacial injuries, Injury Severity Score (ISS), associated injuries, length of hospital stay and outcome. Binary logistic regression by backward method was applied to determine the effects of independent variables on mortality odds ratio. Results: 85.23% of patients were males and of all patients 87.5% survived. The mean of age was 34.95 ± 16.51. The commonest cause of maxillofacial injury was road traffic accidents (86.31%). The median of ISS was 20.39± 10.24 and patients aged 30-39 years had the highest ISS. Overall, the most common maxillofacial injuries were orbital (59.47%, n=157) followed by maxillary (48.11%, n=127); common associated injuries were related to head (81.44%, n=215) followed by thorax (58.33%, n=154). Age and gender (being male) increased the odds ratio of mortality. An increase in ISS decreased the odds ratio of mortality, but it was not significant. Conclusion: Most of maxillofacial trauma patients suffered from orbital injuries and there were a huge percentage of associated injuries. Gender (male), age and length of hospital stay were the significant variables of mortality in maxillofacial patients. The findings of the current study sheds light on further investigation to treat these patients and enforce road traffic legislation and public education to prevent these traumas.

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“…1 In recent years, Cohn et al conducted 2 studies examining the relationship between maxillofacial trauma patterns and living climate (ie, rural vs urban neighborhoods). 2,3 In another study, rural patients sustained injuries from traffic accidents, sports, violence, and falls. Zygomatic fractures were more common in rural dwellers.…”

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confidence: 99%

In Reference to “Rural Otolaryngology Care Disparities: A Scoping Review”

Morel¹,

Cohn²

2022

Otolaryngol.--head neck surg.

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We had the pleasure of reading a review written by Urban et al entitled ''Rural Otolaryngology Care Disparities: A Scoping Review'' in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. The authors provide several review articles involving subspecialties of otolaryngology that highlight disparities in rural health care, including maxillofacial trauma. Although these studies comment on socioeconomic status, education, and ethnic disparities, rurality is often left out or briefly addressed. 1 In recent years, Cohn et al conducted 2 studies examining the relationship between maxillofacial trauma patterns and living climate (ie, rural vs urban neighborhoods). 2,3 In another study, rural patients sustained injuries from traffic accidents, sports, violence, and falls. Zygomatic fractures were more common in rural dwellers. 4 Based on the findings of all these studies, it is evident that our governing bodies should strive to work on legislation related to maxillofacial assaults and motor vehicle accidents. One example would be holding individuals found guilty of an assault to strict punishments to deter others from partaking. To prevent road injuries, the road plan should be reconsidered in areas where there is a higher number of accidents reported. Redesigning those roads shall reduce the number of accidents and hence the number of maxillofacial traumas greatly. Improvements in cities' socioeconomics over time can also explain these changes in patterns. We would argue that less poverty equates to less crime and therefore less maxillofacial trauma.

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Comparing Urban Maxillofacial Trauma Patterns to the National Trauma Data Bank©

Cited by 16 publications

References 24 publications

Etiology and pattern of maxillofacial trauma

Etiology and pattern of maxillofacial trauma

An overview of the prevalence and pattern of maxillofacial trauma in the south of Iran

In Reference to “Rural Otolaryngology Care Disparities: A Scoping Review”

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