Comparison and optimization of different types of lithium batteries for new energy vehicles

Abstract

As the global community shifts from fossil fuels, the demand for efficient electric vehicles (EVs) intensifies. Among the EVs, Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) predominantly powered by lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have marked their prominence due to their high efficiency. This paper aims to offer a thorough analysis of the several lithium-ion battery types used in electric vehicles, emphasizing their performance metrics, safety protocols, lifespan, and overall health. The study underscores the evolution of LIBs, comparing early adaptations to recent advancements such as lithium-sulfur battery, lithium iron phosphate battery, lithium-air batteries, and ternary lithium batteries. Despite individual research on these batteries, a holistic comparison has remained scarce. The presented evaluations consider key parameters, including energy density, safety implications, and environmental impact. Furthermore, this study introduces innovative health assessment and safety detection models for these batteries. Targeted at a diverse audience from automobile manufacturers to policymakers, this paper seeks to bridge knowledge gaps, offering a robust reference guide for using lithium batteries in new energy automotive.