Comparison between distance and near visual acuity in amblyopes

Chun, Heejeong; Lee, Young Chun

doi:10.1097/md.0000000000023111

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…13 Likewise, in amblyopic eyes, some studies 14,15 have reported poorer visual acuity at near than at distance, but other studies are in disagreement with this. 16,17 The present study concurs with previous research showing a similar level of agreement between a near visual acuity measurement (using the Runge near card) and the ETDRS chart. 18…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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Comparison of Visual Acuity Measurement Using Three Methods: Standard ETDRS Chart, Near Chart and a Smartphone-Based Eye Chart Application

Tiraset¹,

Poonyathalang²,

Padungkiatsagul³

et al. 2021

OPTH

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Purpose To validate the Rosenbaum near vision card (Near Chart) and a smartphone-based visual acuity (VA) test (Eye Chart) against a standard retro-illuminated Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) chart within participants. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study of participants aged ≥18 years was conducted. VA was measured in all participants using the ETDRS chart, Near Chart and smartphone-based Eye Chart application, respectively. VA was converted to logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) for statistical analysis. Eyes with ETDRS VA worse than 1.0 logMAR (20/200) were excluded. The main outcome measures were levels of agreement between VA measured using the Near Chart or Eye Chart application vs the ETDRS chart. Results A total of 295 eyes of 151 participants were included. One hundred participants (66.2%) were female and the mean age was 64.3 ± 12.5 years. Educational level was high school or below for 49% of participants and at Bachelor’s degree or above for 51%. The median logMAR VAs of all eyes tested using the ETDRS chart, Near Chart and Eye Chart application were 0.1, 0.0 and 0.1, respectively. The median VA difference between the Near Chart vs ETDRS chart and Eye Chart application vs ETDRS chart was 0.0 logMAR in both cases for both the right eye (OD) and left eye (OS). Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) demonstrated a strong positive correlation between VA tested with the Near Chart vs ETDRS chart (OD: ICC=0.85; p <0.001, OS: ICC=0.77; p <0.001) and Eye Chart application vs ETDRS chart (OD: ICC=0.88; p <0.001, OS: ICC=0.74; p <0.001). Conclusion VA measurements with the Near Chart and smartphone-based Eye Chart application corresponded well to the standard ETDRS chart, suggesting potential utility of alternative portable VA tests for in-office or remote vision monitoring, particularly during periods of physical distancing such as the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) era.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“… 13 Likewise, in amblyopic eyes, some studies 14 , 15 have reported poorer visual acuity at near than at distance, but other studies are in disagreement with this. 16 , 17 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Visual Acuity Measurement Using Three Methods: Standard ETDRS Chart, Near Chart and a Smartphone-Based Eye Chart Application

Tiraset¹,

Poonyathalang²,

Padungkiatsagul³

et al. 2021

OPTH

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“…There were some studies in this eld with controversy ndings. Similar to our study, Chun 12 in a retrospective study on 73 amblyopic patients (4-30 years) showed that the NVA was 0.24 log MAR better than the DVA. The difference between the DVA and NVA was not affected by age, type of amblyopia, spherical equivalent, and PD.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…40 patients had strabismus with the mean size of 6.9 ± 14.7 prism diopter. 19 subjects were esotropic with the mean size of 25.6 ± 18.9 PD (10-70) and 17 patients had exotropia with the mean size of 32.2 ± 18.8 PD (10-65), and 4 of them had vertical strabismus with the mean size of 12.5 ± 4.5 PD (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22). While the mean distance visual acuity of our subjects was 0.39 ± 0.30 log MAR, the mean near visual acuity was 0.30 ± 0.32 log MAR.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[10][11] Also, Chun reported near vision in amblyopia was signi cantly better than distance visual acuity. 12 These studies showed con icting reports and there was no study in subjects with deprivation amblyopia, especially in Iranian ethnicity. Therefore, this study designed to measure near and distance visual acuities and compare them in amblyopic subjects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Distance Visual Acuity Versus Near Visual Acuity in Amblyopia.

Ahadi

Ebrahimi

Ramin

2021

Preprint

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Purpose: To measure and compare distance and near visual acuity in amblyopic patients.Methods: This study was evaluated 167 patients with amblyopia between ages of 6 and 55 years. In all subjects, a comprehensive ophthalmic examination including visual acuity, refraction, slit lamp biomicroscopy, and funduscopy was performed. Distance visual acuity (DVA) was measured by Snellen chart at 4 m and near visual acuity (NVA) was measured by Snellen chart at 40 cm, and then DVA and NVA were compered and analyzed.Results:In our subjects, the mean distance and near visual acuity was 0.39± 0.30 log MAR and 0.30± 0.32 log MAR respectively. The mean NVA was 0.12±0.12 log MAR better than DVA and difference between them was statistically significant (P<0.001). In 40% of patients, there were no difference between DVA and NVA, and in 60% of them, NVA was 0.1 or more log MAR better than DVA. The difference between DVA and NVA was not significantly related with age (p=0.225), spherical equivalent (P=.820) and strabismus (P=.336) and type of amblyopia (P=.405). Although all of these subjects had subnormal DVA, but 43 subjects (26%) had normal NVA. In mild and moderate amblyopic groups, difference between DVA and NVA was 0.14±0.10 log MAR and 0.15±0.14 log MAR respectively, but in severe amblyopic group it was 0.03±0.08 log MAR. The difference between DVA and NVA showed a significant relation with severity of amblyopia (P<0.001). The difference between DVA and NVA was 0.16±0.11 log MAR in patients with history of amblyopia therapy and 0.07.± 0.11 log MAR in patients without treatment. This difference was statistically significant (P<0.001).Conclusion: Our results showed that near visual acuity in amblyopia especially in mild to moderate types was significantly better than distance visual acuity. More than 50% of subjects with mild amblyopia had normal near visual acuity. The difference between DVA and NVA showed no relation with age, spherical equivalent, strabismus, and type of amblyopia. Also, difference between the DVA and NVA in patients with history of amblyopia therapy was better than of it in non-treated subjects.

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Design and Validation of a Novel Smartphone-Based Visual Acuity Test: The K-VA Test

et al. 2023

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Introduction: Visual acuity (VA) testing is a critical screening examination for the assessment of visual function. This study describes the development and validation of a smartphone-based VA test: the K-VA test. Methods: A total of 171 patients with various ocular diseases were examined in our outpatient unit at Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Medicine in Greece. Participants underwent VA examination using the standard Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) charts and the K-VA smartphone-based test. The K-VA test was performed by participants themselves. The Bland-Altman method was employed to assess the agreement between the ETDRS charts and the new test for the examination of VA at 1 m and 40 cm.Test-retest reliability was also calculated. A questionnaire regarding the participants' feedback on the K-VA test was completed. Results: No significant bias was observed between the gold standard ETDRS charts and the K-VA test measurements. The mean difference (95% limits of agreement, LoA) between the K-VA test at 1 m and the ETDRS chart at 4 m was -0.006 (95% LoA -0.129 to 0.117) logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution (log-MAR). The agreement of the K-VA test at 40 cm with the near ETDRS chart was also high with a mean difference of -0.007 (95% LoA -0.105 to 0.090) logMAR. Test-retest reliability was found to be high with a mean difference of 0.003 (95% LoA -0.045 to 0.033) logMAR and 0.005 (95% LoA -0.065 to 0.076) logMAR for the K-VA test at 1 m and 40 cm, respectively. A total of 97 participants answered the questionnaire and 71 (73.2%) stated that the test was easy to very easy to use for self-performance. Conclusions: The study demonstrated that the K-VA application performed well compared with the ETDRS charts and provides reliable and repeatable measurements of VA across a wide range of VA.

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Comparison between distance and near visual acuity in amblyopes

Cited by 6 publications

References 11 publications

Comparison of Visual Acuity Measurement Using Three Methods: Standard ETDRS Chart, Near Chart and a Smartphone-Based Eye Chart Application

Comparison of Visual Acuity Measurement Using Three Methods: Standard ETDRS Chart, Near Chart and a Smartphone-Based Eye Chart Application

Distance Visual Acuity Versus Near Visual Acuity in Amblyopia.

Design and Validation of a Novel Smartphone-Based Visual Acuity Test: The K-VA Test

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