Comparison between Pap smear and visual inspection with acetic acid in screening of premalignant cervical intraepithelial lesion and subclinical early cancer cervix

Sokkary, Hossam Hassan Aly Hassan El

doi:10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20164632

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy were 90.5%, 74.2%, 80.6% respectively. These results were comparable to other research studies such as shown by Mustafa et al (sensitivity 77% and specificity 82%) and El Sokkary (sensitivity of 70.4%, specificity 77.6%, PPV 44% and NPV of 91.3%) 8,9 . In a meta-analysis by Sauvaget et al, data was collected from 26 studies conducted in high-and low-income countries showed a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 92% [10][11][12] .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Direct Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid: A Cost-Effective Test for Cervical Cancer Screening

2021

PJMD

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Background: Cervical cancer is a major public health problem in developing countries due to ineffective screening programs. This study aimed to determine the accuracy of visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) for cervical cancer screening in low-income population. Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted in an outdoor clinic of Dow University Hospital from July 2016 to July 2017. A total of 108 women with vaginal discharge, post coital bleeding, inter menstrual bleeding and dyspareunia were enrolled in the study. A solution of 5% acetic acid was applied to the cervix and examined under adequate light for 1 min. VIA was reported as positive or negative according to acetowhite changes. Positive results were confirmed by biopsy. SPSS was used for statistical analysis. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated. Chi Squared test was applied and p-value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:The average age of the patients was (mean± SD) 45.67±9.67 years. Out of forty-two patients who were VIA positive, n=38 had biopsy confirmed malignancy compared to seventeen women from the screened negative population (n=66) showing a sensitivity of 69.1% and specificity of 92.5%. We found 100% sensitivity and specificity in primipara. The positive predictive value (90.5%), negative predictive value (74.5%) and diagnostic accuracy of VIA positive were 80.6% respectively. Conclusion:VIA is a simple, cost effective and reliable screening test in low socioeconomic areas allowing instant diagnosis and treatment (p=0.0005). Thus, it decreases the chance of loss to follow-up and the number of visits to a healthcare provider.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Direct Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid: A Cost-Effective Test for Cervical Cancer Screening

2021

PJMD

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“…To address this significant public health issue; Ethiopia adopted the United Nations (UN), Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) and World Health Organization (WHO) Global Action Plan and designed the National Cancer Control Plan (NCCP). WHO recommends that early identification of premalignant lesions through visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and application of "screen and treat" approach can prevent invasive cervical cancer in high-risk women, and this approach is endorsed and applied by Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH) [4,[21][22][23][24][25]. Nowadays, achieving SDG 3.4 in the reduction of premature mortality from Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) such as cervical cancer by 2030 is becoming a considerable government concern.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors of precancerous cervical lesions: The role of women’s socio-demographic, sexual behavior and body mass index in Amhara region referral hospitals; case-control study

2021

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Background Cervical cancer remains one of the major public health challenges in low and middle-income countries including Ethiopia. There was a scarce of evidence regarding the effect of woman’s socio-demographic characteristics and body mass index on the development of precancerous cervical lesions in Ethiopia. Therefore, the current study aimed at identifying the risk factors of precancerous cervical lesions among women visiting referral hospitals for cervical cancer screening in Amhara national regional state. Methods A hospital-based case-control study was conducted from 22 December 2019 to 8 April 2020 among 200 women including 67 visual inspections with acetic acid (VIA) positive women (i.e., cases) and 133 visual inspections with acetic acid (VIA) negative women (i.e., controls). The study was conducted at randomly selected referral hospitals in Amhara national regional state. Data were collected mainly through face to face interview and chart review using structured questionnaire and checklist respectively. Data were then entered to EpiData version 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Binary logistic regression model was fitted and variables with p-value of < 0.2 at bivariable logistic regression analysis were candidates for the multivariable analysis. Level of significance was claimed based on adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) at p-value of ≤ 0.05. Results This study illustrates that the odds of being positive for precancerous cervical lesion (PCL) were higher among women who had body mass index (BMI) of <18.5 kg/m2 (AOR = 3.83; 95% CI: 1.26, 8.76), early coitarche (AOR = 3.15; 95% CI: 1.50, 11.49, history of using oral contraceptive pills (AOR = 2.74; 95% CI: 1.6, 7.4), lifetime sexual transmitted infections (AOR = 3.73; 95% CI: 2.5, 12.28) and multiple sexual partners (AOR = 3.23; 95% CI: 1.82, 9.29). On the other hand, participants’ BMI of ≥25 kg/m2 (AOR = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.36, 0.75) and level of education of college and above (AOR = 0.29; 95% CI: 0.23, 0.77) were identified to be protective factors of PCL. Conclusion Most of the determinants of precancerous cervical lesions were modifiable and mainly related to women’s socio-demographic characteristics, sexual behaviors and body mass index. Therefore, strengthening awareness on safe sexual practices and healthy life styles through information, education and communication (IEC), and behavioral change communication (BCC) would decrease the incidence of precancerous cervical lesions.

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“…simple, reasonable price, and high sensitivity. 5,6 The Indonesian Government adopted VIA since 2014, but the coverage is still low in 2015 at 2.45%. 7 In the Special Region of Yogyakarta Province with the highest cancer prevalence in Indonesia and as the study place, the percentage of VIA test is even less than 1%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Interaction with Cervical Cancer Patient, Husband Support and Self Perceived as Determinant Factors on Women’s Desire for Screening VIA test

Rahmawati

Dewanti

2018

Kesmas: National Public Health Journal

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Cervical cancer causes 10.3% women mortality in Indonesia. Visual Inspection of Acetic Acid (VIA) had been used for screening program since 2014, but only 2.45% women took the test in 2015. In the place of this study, the coverage was at less than 1%. Previous studies revealed that psychosocial was an important factor, but less studies analyzed the role of husband support and direct experience with cervical cancer patient. The aim of the study was to learn correlation between direct experience with cervical cancer patient, husband support, self-perception and women's desire to take VIA screening. Crosssectional study was applied randomly on women aged 25-55 years old at four villages in Yogyakarta. All data were taken by questionnaire. Most of 188 respondents had right perception of cervical cancer and the importance of VIA, but they did not receive adequate support from their husband. Few of them had direct experience with cervical cancer patient. Statistical results showed that age, right perception and husband support were correlated with women's desire to take VIA test (p value< 0.05), while direct experience with cervical cancer patient was not correlate. Women with right perception and husband support are more willing to take VIA test. AbstrakKanker serviks menyebabkan 10.3% kematian pada perempuan di Indonesia. Inspeksi visual asam asetat (IVA) telah digunakan untuk program skrining sejak tahun 2014 tetapi hanya 2,45 % perempuan yang melakukan pemeriksaan pada tahun 2015. Di tempat penelitian, cakupan skrining metode IVA kurang dari 1%. Penelitian sebelumnya menyebutkan faktor psikososial sebagai satu faktor penting, tetapi sedikit penelitian yang menganalisis peran dukungan suami dan pengalaman langsung dengan penderita kanker serviks. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari hubungan antara pengalaman langsung dengan penderita kanker serviks, dukungan suami, persepsi diri dan keinginan perempuan melakukan skrining IVA. Penelitian potong lintang dilakukan secara acak pada perempuan berusia 25-55 tahun di empat kelurahan di Yogyakarta. Seluruh data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner. Sebagian besar dari 188 responden memiliki persepsi yang benar mengenai kanker serviks dan pentingnya pemeriksaan IVA, tetapi mereka tidak menerima dukungan yang cukup dari suami. Sebagian kecil memiliki pengalaman langsung dengan penderita kanker serviks. Uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa usia, persepsi yang benar, dan dukungan suami berhubungan dengan keinginan perempuan untuk melakukan skrining IVA (nilai p < 0.05), sedangkan pengalaman langsung dengan penderita kanker serviks tidak berhubungan dengan keinginan melakukan skrining. Perempuan dengan persepsi yang benar dan dukungan suami lebih bersedia melakukan skrining IVA. Kata kunci: Pengalaman langsung, dukungan suami, persepsi diri, IVA

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Comparison between Pap smear and visual inspection with acetic acid in screening of premalignant cervical intraepithelial lesion and subclinical early cancer cervix

Cited by 7 publications

References 14 publications

Direct Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid: A Cost-Effective Test for Cervical Cancer Screening

Direct Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid: A Cost-Effective Test for Cervical Cancer Screening

Risk factors of precancerous cervical lesions: The role of women’s socio-demographic, sexual behavior and body mass index in Amhara region referral hospitals; case-control study

Direct Interaction with Cervical Cancer Patient, Husband Support and Self Perceived as Determinant Factors on Women’s Desire for Screening VIA test

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