Comparison Between Treatments in a Repeated‐measurement Design: Anova and Multivariate Methods

Rouanet, Henry; Lépine, D.

doi:10.1111/j.2044-8317.1970.tb00440.x

Cited by 188 publications

(77 citation statements)

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“…A repeated measure analysis of variance for paired comparisons (VAR 3 Program; Rouanet & Lepine, 1970) Figure 1. The configuration of objects during Sessions 1 and 2 (common to each group) is shown on the left side; the configuration of objects during Session 3 for each of the four groups is shown on the right side.…”

Section: Data Collection and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two separate analyses of variance (VAR 3 program; Rouanet & Lepine, 1970) were carried out upon repeated measures of the numher of contacts, for the purpose of comparing CONT 1+2, EXP I, EXP 2, on the one hand, and CONT 3 and EXP 3, on the other. In addition, the times of contacts were analyzed separately using the same method.…”

Section: Data Collection and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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A study of exploratory behavior as an index of spatial knowledge in hamsters

Poucet

Chapuis

Durup

et al. 1986

Animal Learning & Behavior

149

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This experiment investigated the role of exploration in the formation of maps of the environment. The effects of spatial rearrangement of four familiar objects in an open field on subsequent exploratory behavior were studied in hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). During two exploratory sessions, four groups of subjects were exposed to objects in a particular spatial relation to each other and to a distal pattern. During a testing session, the control group was exposed to the same situation as during the first two sessions, and the three experimental groups were exposed to various object rearrangements. The hamsters in the experimental groups, but not those in the control group, renewed their exploration of the objects during the testing session, as measured by the number of contacts with the objects and the time spent investigating them. Further analyses of the nature ofthe reinvestigated objects (i.e., displaced or nondisplaced) support the hypothesis that, through exploration, a long-lasting representation of the environment is built up on the basis of the topological relations among the objects, the overall geometric structure provided by the arrangement of the objects, and the relations between the objects and extra-apparatus landmarks.Following the pioneer studies by Hall (1934), who used the open field to test the effects of unfamiliar environments upon emotionality in rats, many experiments have been concerned with the intensity of exploratory reactions to new stimuli such as congeneric scents and illumination level and environmental complexity (e.g., Schenk, 1979), as well as water, food, or new objects introduced into a familiar environment (e.g., Cowan, 1976). In contrast to the number of experiments focusing upon the effect of the characteristics of new objects on the amount of exploration, few studies have attempted to provide evidence that exploratory reactions are also induced by new spatial arrangements of familiar objects. In one experiment, Wilz and Bolton (1971) allowed gerbils to explore an open field that contained either only one object, or a group of objects in fixed locations. After habituation (i.e., extinction of exploration), a new arrangement of the objects or a change in the location of the single object elicited a renewal of exploration as intense as a totally new situation would have done. Similar results were obtained in other experiments with gerbils (Cheal, 1978; ThinusBlanc & Ingle, 1985) and rats (Corman, Meyer, & Meyer, 1967;Corman & Shafer, 1968;Dember, 1956;Lukaszewska, 1978;Lukaszewska & Dlawichowska, 1982). Such data strongly suggest that exploratory be- 93havior involves the gathering of information not only about the qualities of the objects but also about their spatial relationships.Indirect evidence of this function of exploration is provided by the results obtained in spatial problem solving tests. Maier (1932) and, more recently, Stahl and Ellen (1974), Herrmann, Bahr, Bremner, and, and Ellen, Parko, Wages, Doherty, and Herrmann (1982) showed that rats need an exte...

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Section: Data Collection and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Collection and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of exploratory behavior as an index of spatial knowledge in hamsters

Poucet

Chapuis

Durup

et al. 1986

Animal Learning & Behavior

149

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Chi Finally, an analysis of variance (ANOV A) was performed to compare the directional shortcut performances across the seven problems (Rouanet & Lepine, 1970 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shortcut ability in hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus): The role of environmental and kinesthetic information

Chapuis

Scardigli

1993

Animal Learning & Behavior

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“…Although the multivariate test is considered a better choice when the assumption of sphericity is violated (Rouanet & Lepine, 1970;Schutz & Gessaroli, 1987), the univariate model offers a valid and at times better approach (Mendoza et al, 1974;Muller & Barton, 1989) when it is not. Thus we restricted our power estimates to data meeting the conditions oflocal sphericity-that is, e = 1.0 for each of the three error variancecovariance matrices.…”

Section: C1mentioning

confidence: 99%