“…Currently, the problem of radiometric heterogeneity among UAV images is addressed in the literature mainly in relation to multispectral imagery. Such research has been focused on radiometric calibration and reflectance transformation of remote sensing images (Mafanya et al., 2018; Cao et al., 2020; Porto et al., 2020; Shin et al., 2020; Suomalainen et al., 2021). Shadows from obstacles on the ground and clouds are among the factors that are important in determining the reflectances and derivative indicators of multispectral UAV images (Aboutalebi et al., 2019).…”