Comparison between Ultrasonic Bath and Sonotrode Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Mango Peel By-Products

Abstract

Phenolic compounds present in mango peel byproducts have been reported to have several beneficial health properties. In this study, we carried out an optimization of phenolic compounds using ultrasound-assisted extraction via ultrasonic bath and sonotrode. To optimize the variables of extraction, a Box–Behnken design was used to evaluate the best conditions to obtain high total phenolic compound extraction and high antioxidant activity evaluated by different methods (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP). The optimal ultrasonic bath conditions were 45% ethanol, 60 min, and 1/450 ratio sample/solvent (w/v) whereas optimal sonotrode conditions were 55% ethanol, 18 min, and 65% amplitude. The extracts obtained at the optimal conditions were characterized by HPLC–ESI-TOF-MS. A total of 35 phenolic compounds were determined and, to our knowledge, several of them were tentatively identified for the first time in mango peel. The samples were composed mainly by phenolic acids derivatives, specifically of galloylglucose and methylgallate, which represented more than 50% of phenolic compounds of mango peel byproducts. In conclusion, sonotrode is a valuable green technology able to produce enriched phenolic compound extracts from mango peel byproducts that could be used for food, nutraceutical, and cosmeceutical applications.

Establishment of a Sonotrode Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Apple Pomace

“…DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays were carried out to determine the antioxidant capacity of the apple pomace extracts by the procedures described in previous research [ 32 , 36 , 37 ]. In all assays, Trolox was used as the standard for the calibration curves and the results were expressed in mg of Trolox equivalents (TE)/g of dry weight (d.w.).…”

Development of Fine Particle Mechanical Separation Processes with Representative Catalyst Materials for Recycling PEM Water Electrolyzers Exploiting their Wetting Characteristics

“…During this process, enough air bubbles are directly generated during the dispersion of carbon black particles. However, in the single systems, ultrasonication is used and the intensity is attenuated in the ultrasonic bath [41] . Here, the particles in aqueous solutions are dispersed by cavitation at an ultrasound intensity of approximately 20 W/kg–40 W/kg, which is lower than that of a sonotrode [42] .…”

“…However, in the single systems, ultrasonication is used and the intensity is attenuated in the ultrasonic bath. [41] Here, the particles in aqueous solutions are dispersed by cavitation at an ultrasound intensity of approximately 20 W/kg-40 W/kg, which is lower than that of a sonotrode. [42] The local energy dissipation rate of the Ultra Turrax operated at 11,000 min À 1 with a rotor diameter of 18 mm and a shear gap of 0.5 mm is even higher at approx.…”

Ekstraksi senyawa tanin dalam ampas kopi sebagai sumber daya tanin terbarukan

“…Tanin dapat diekstraksi dari bubuk kopi menggunakan metode ekstraksi ultrasonik (Yong et al, 2018). Ekstraksi dengan ultrasonik didasarkan pada kavitasi sel yang dilakukan oleh gelombang suara yang bertanggung jawab untuk pecahnya dinding sel sampel, menghasilkan senyawa yang ditarik dalam pelarut (Aznar-Ramos et al, 2022). Metode ekstraksi ultrasonik mampu mengekstraksi senyawa bioaktif dari limbah buah dan sayuran dengan menggunakan gelombang suara berfrekuensi tinggi untuk meningkatkan efektivitas senyawa yang diinginkan dalam pelarutan kedalam pelarut.…”

“…Keuntungan lainnya dari ekstraksi ultrasonik adalah metode yang sederhana, mudah digunakan, dan mengurangi waktu ekstraksi, suhu, dan pelarut yang diperlukan. Oleh karena itu, ultrasonic bath adalah alternatif yang bagus untuk metode konvensional untuk mendapatkan polifenol (Aznar-Ramos et al, 2022). Prinsip kerja metode ekstraksi ultrasonik dihasilkan oleh pembangkitan ultrasonik lokal melalui mikrokavitasi di sekitar bahan yang akan diekstraksi, yang memanaskan bahan dan akhirnya akan melepaskan senyawa yang diekstrak (Andhiksana, 2017).…”