Comparison of Agar Dilution and Broth Microdilution Methods of Anaerobic Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing using Several Veterinary Antibiotics against Clostridium perfringens Strains Originating from Porcine and Avian Sources

Genotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridium perfringens isolated from Tinamidae, Cracidae and Ramphastidae species in Brazil

“…This type of distribution suggests a genetic mechanism of resistance. This result is likely due to the presence of the ermQ gene, which encodes an erythromycin resistance methylase (BENNING & MATHERS, 1999;SLAVIĆ et al, 2011). This resistance gene was previously described in C. perfringens isolates from several domestic animals (SLAVIĆ et al, 2011) but until now it was not found in wild avian isolates.…”

Occurrence of Tylosin-Resistant Enterococci in Swine Manure and Tile Drainage Systems under No-Till Management

“…Agar dilution and broth dilution are the most commonly used techniques to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antibiotics (Benning and Mathers, 1999). This can be achieved by dilution of antimicrobial in either agar or broth media.…”

Antimicrobial susceptibility to zinc bacitracin of Clostridium perfringens of rabbit origin.

“…Bacitracin is a bactericidal peptide antibiotic which inhibits proper cell wall synthesis and has additional effects on bacterial membranes (Benning and Mathers, 1999;Butaye et al, 2003).…”

“…Despite the wide use of zinc bacitracin in Italian fattening rabbit units, the spread of acquired resistance between rabbit isolates does not seem to be relevant. A MIC required to inhibit the growth of 90% of organisms (MIC 90 ) of 0.5 µg/ml was obtained, fitting the MIC values described by Devriese et al (1993) with strains of poultry, porcine and bovine origin, and by Benning and Mathers (1999) with C. perfringens of swine origin.…”

“…On one hand, these differences may reflect the varying use of bacitracin in different countries and species; on the other, they may be attributed to the different methods and media used: as reported by Benning and Mathers (1999), the micro-broth dilution method overrates MICs. In addition, the interaction of red blood cells and zinc bacitracin should be investigated (Benning and Mathers, 1999).…”