Comparison of Fluoride Concentrations in Unstimulated whole Saliva Following the Use of a Fluoride Dentifrice and a Fluoride Rinse

Abstract

Recent evidence has suggested that the cariostatic effects of topical fluoride (F) are related to the presence of low concentrations of ionic F in the oral environment. The purpose of this study was to compare the retention of F in the oral environment over 24-hour periods after the use of a F dentifrice or a F rinse. Groups of ten consenting adult subjects (age 18-52 years) brushed and/or rinsed (B/R) in a standardized manner twice per day in the morning (AM) and before bed (PM) with either a placebo dentifrice (8 ppm F), NaF dentifrice (1100 ppm F), or NaF rinse (225 ppm F). Experiments were performed with placebo dentifrice only (PD); F dentifrice only (FD); F dentifrice followed by F rinse (FD/FR); placebo dentifrice followed by F rinse (PD/FR); and F rinse followed by placebo dentifrice (FR/PD). Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected at baseline and then at 0, 15, 30, and 45 min, 1, 2, and 8 hr after B/R in the AM, after B/R in the PM and upon rising the following morning. Salivary flow rate and F were determined for each sampling interval. The results of this study suggest that: (1) F rinse may be a more effective way of delivering topical F than F dentifrice; (2) based on F retention, the combination of FD/FR was not more effective than FR only (PD/FR); (3) older individuals with gingival recession retained higher F levels; and (4) bedtime F application resulted in longer F retention than did daytime application, which may have important implications for enamel remineralization.

Effects of immersion in solution of an experimental toothpaste containing S-PRG filler on like-remineralizing ability of etched enamel

“…Si and F ions are known to be strong inducers of remineralization of the dentin matrix 13) . Sr and F ions also improve the acid resistance of teeth by acting on hydroxyapatite to convert it to strontiumapatite 14,15) and fluoroapatite, respectively 14,16,17) . The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the like-remineralizing ability of a new experimental toothpaste containing S-PRG filler on a human etched enamel surface.…”

The effects of single application of pastes containing ion-releasing particles on enamel demineralization

“…Therefore, the mechanical properties of the polished (bulk) enamel might differ slightly from those of the tooth surface. Microhardness measurements using a Knoop indenter have been used to quantitatively investigate enamel demineralization 19,21,22) . There is a strong correlation (0.84<r 2 <0.92) between the microhardness of enamel and the mineral content, as determined by transverse microradiography of carious lesions 19,21) .…”

“…Microhardness measurements using a Knoop indenter have been used to quantitatively investigate enamel demineralization 19,21,22) . There is a strong correlation (0.84<r 2 <0.92) between the microhardness of enamel and the mineral content, as determined by transverse microradiography of carious lesions 19,21) . Although conventional microhardness testing generally results in large indentations (i.e., an indentation length equivalent to a width of 5-20 enamel prisms) and is influenced by the substrate 19) , recent advances in nanoindentation techniques have enabled measurement of the mechanical properties of extremely small volumes of material, and both the hardness and elastic modulus can be determined simultaneously based on load-displacement data at the submicron scale [28][29][30] .…”

“…Supplying Si and Na ions into the surrounding environment leads to a buffering effect 16,17) , further inhibiting demineralization. In addition, Si and F ions are known to improve the acid resistance of teeth by converting hydroxyapatite to strontiumapatite 18,19) and fluoroapatite, respectively [19][20][21] . The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of a single application of paste containing S-PRG filler.…”

Effects of CO₂ laser irradiation combined with fluoride application on the demineralization, mechanical properties, structure, and composition of enamel

“…However, Hsu et al 11) reported that the partial decomposition of the organic matrix of the enamel caused by heating to less than 400°C with CO2 laser irradiation resulted in blockage of the inter-and intraprismatic spaces; ion diffusion in the enamel was compromised, resulting in a reduction of enamel demineralization. It is known that F improve the acid resistance of teeth, acting on hydroxyapatite and converting it to fluorapatite [13][14][15] . Additionally, combined effects of CO2 laser irradiation and fluoride application on enamel demineralization have been reported [16][17][18] .…”