Comparison of human stem cells derived from various mesenchymal tissues: Superiority of synovium as a cell source

Abstract

Objective. To compare the properties of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from bone marrow, synovium, periosteum, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue.Methods. Human mesenchymal tissues were obtained from 8 donors during knee surgery for ligament injury. After collagenase digestion or gradient-density separation, nucleated cells were plated at an appropriate density for expansion at the maximum rate without colony-to-colony contact. Yield, expandability, differentiation potential, and epitope profile were compared among MSCs from the 5 different tissue sources.Results. Colony number per 10 3 nucleated cells was lower, and cell number per colony was higher, in bone marrow than in other mesenchymal tissues. When the cells were replated at low density every 14 days, bone marrow-, synovium-, and periosteum-derived cells retained their proliferation ability even at passage 10. In chondrogenesis studies in which the cells were pelleted and cultured in vitro, pellets from bone marrow-, synovium-, and periosteum-derived cells were shown to be larger and stained more extensively for cartilage matrix. Synovium-derived cells, in particular, had the greatest ability for chondrogenesis. In adipogenesis experiments, the frequency of oil red O-positive colonies was highest in synovium-and adipose tissue-derived cells. In studies of osteogenesis, the rate of alizarin red-positive colonies was highest in bone marrow-, synovium-, and periosteum-derived cells. For epitope profiling, 15 surface antigens were measured. Most appeared to have similar epitope profiles irrespective of cell source.Conclusion. Our findings indicate that there are significant differences in MSC properties according to tissue source, beyond donor and experimental variation. Superiority of synovium as a potential source of MSCs for clinical applications was demonstrated.

Human Periosteum Is a Source of Cells for Orthopaedic Tissue Engineering: A Pilot Study

“…In culture, cells expressing Stro-1 À /ALP + accounted for approximately 40% of the population and Stro-1 + /ALP + a further 10%. These values are consistent with early passage cultured cells derived from known MSC sources: trabecular bone explants [17], bone marrow, synovial lining, adipose tissue, muscle, and a single passage of periosteum [35]. More surprising than the osteogenic phenotype of cultured HPDCs in this study was the presence of a consistent and stable Stro-1 + population.…”

Osteogenic lineage commitment of mesenchymal stem cells from patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament

“…Osteogenic induction medium consisted of complete culture medium supplemented with 1 nM dexamethasone (ICN Biomedicals Inc., Costa Mesa, CA, USA), 10 mM β-glycerol phosphate and 50 μg/ml ascorbic acid (Wako Pure Chemical Industries), as previously reported [13]. To evaluate the mineralized matrix, cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde and stained with 1% Alizarin Red S (Sigma-Aldrich) for 10 min.…”

Methylation status of CpG islands in the promoter regions of signature genes during chondrogenesis of human synovium–derived mesenchymal stem cells

“…More recently, the chondrogenic pellet culture method has frequently been used in analyses of pluripotent mesenchymal progenitor cells from adult human tissues, which are also referred to as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) (20,21). Our previous studies of the therapeutic use of MSCs in degenerative articular joint diseases showed that among the various MSC types we examined, human synoviumderived MSCs appeared to be most potent for chondrogenesis (22). Since these differences were detectable even in analyses of cells harboring the same genetic makeup, the results indicate that differences other than genomic sequences contribute to the divergent differentiating potentials for cellular lineage specifications.…”