Comparison of Martian surface ionizing radiation measurements from MSL‐RAD with Badhwar‐O'Neill 2011/HZETRN model calculations

Kim, Myung‐Hee Y.; Cucinotta, Francis A.; Nounu, Hatem N.; Zeitlin, C.; Hassler, Donald M.; Rafkin, Scot; Wimmer‐Schweingruber, R. F.; Ehresmann, Bent; Brinza, D. E.; Böttcher, S.; Böhm, E.; Burmeister, Soenke; Guo, Jingnan; Köhler, Jan; Martı́n, César; Reitz, Guenther; Posner, A.; Gómez‐Elvira, Javier; Harri, A. M.

doi:10.1002/2013je004549

Cited by 43 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…These methods agree with spaceflight data in low Earth orbit, in transit to Mars and on the Mars surface to within 15% for dose and dose equivalent (Cucinotta et al, 2013a;Kim et al, 2014;ICRP, 2013). For the application of the model to space mission predictions the energy spectra for each particle type, j of LET, L j (E) for each tissue, T contributing to cancer risk denoted as φ jT (E) is estimated from radiation transport codes (Cucinotta et al, 2013a;Cucinotta, 2015).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 61%

“…Risks of circulatory diseases were made in the same manner as our previous reports (Cucinotta et al, 2013b;Cucinotta, 2014). Circulatory disease risks included cardiovascular disease (CVD) and ischemic heart disease (IHD) using excess relative risk (ERR) estimates from a recent meta-analysis of studies of atomic bomb survivors, and nuclear workers in several countries (Little et al, 2012). Circulatory disease risk estimates were made using the dose equivalent for the blood forming system (BFO) based on the distinct deterministic effects relative biological effectiveness (RBE) factor compared (NCRP, 2000) to that of cancer estimates, and without the use of a dose and dose-rate reduction effectiveness factor (DDREF) because the meta-analysis is based largely on chronic exposures.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Safe days in space with acceptable uncertainty from space radiation exposure

Cucinotta

Alp

Rowedder

et al. 2015

Life Sciences in Space Research

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The prediction of the risks of cancer and other late effects from space radiation exposure carries large uncertainties mostly due to the lack of information on the risks from high charge and energy (HZE) particles and other high linear energy transfer (LET) radiation. In our recent work new methods were used to consider NASA's requirement to protect against the acceptable risk of no more than 3% probability of cancer fatality estimated at the 95% confidence level. Because it is not possible that a zero-level of uncertainty could be achieved, we suggest that an acceptable uncertainty level should be defined in relationship to a probability distribution function (PDF) that only suffers from modest skewness with higher uncertainty allowed for a normal PDF. In this paper, we evaluate PDFs and the number or "safe days" in space, which are defined as the mission length where risk limits are not exceeded, for several mission scenarios at different acceptable levels of uncertainty. In addition, we briefly discuss several important issues in risk assessment including non-cancer effects, the distinct tumor spectra and lethality found in animal experiments for HZE particles compared to background or low LET radiation associated tumors, and the possibility of non-targeted effects (NTE) modifying low dose responses and increasing relative biological effectiveness (RBE) factors for tumor induction. Each of these issues skew uncertainty distributions to higher fatality probabilities with the potential to increase central values of risk estimates in the future. Therefore they will require significant research efforts to support space exploration within acceptable levels of risk and uncertainty.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safe days in space with acceptable uncertainty from space radiation exposure

Cucinotta

Alp

Rowedder

et al. 2015

Life Sciences in Space Research

Self Cite

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“…Recent in-situ measurements at the Martian surface by the RAD instrument (Hassler et al 2012) on board the Mars Science Laboratory rover agree relatively well with the quiet-time GCR predictions made by these computational modelling efforts Kim et al 2014;Gronoff et al 2015).…”

supporting

confidence: 57%

Planetary space weather: scientific aspects and future perspectives

Plainaki

Lilensten

Radioti

et al. 2016

J. Space Weather Space Clim.

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In this paper, we review the scientific aspects of planetary space weather at different regions of our Solar System, performing a comparative planetology analysis that includes a direct reference to the circum-terrestrial case. Through an interdisciplinary analysis of existing results based both on observational data and theoretical models, we review the nature of the interactions between the environment of a Solar System body other than the Earth and the impinging plasma/radiation, and we offer some considerations related to the planning of future space observations. We highlight the importance of such comparative studies for data interpretations in the context of future space missions (e.g. ESA JUICE; ESA/JAXA BEPI COLOMBO). Moreover, we discuss how the study of planetary space weather can provide feedback for better understanding the traditional circumterrestrial space weather. Finally, a strategy for future global investigations related to this thematic is proposed.

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“…Therefore, several missions to Mars contain dedicated instrumentation to better understand these energetic particle precipitations. For example, the Curiosity mission measures GCR and SEP dose at the surface of Mars using its RAD instrument, and the MAVEN mission will use its SEP instrument to measure these events at its Martian orbit (Jakosky, 2014;Kim et al, 2014;Rafkin et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%