Comparison of methods for the gas-chromatographic determination of PCB congeners and chlorinated pesticides in marine reference materials

Schantz, Michele M.; Parris, Reenie M.; Kurz, Joachim; Ballschmiter, Karlheinz; Wise, Stephen A.

doi:10.1007/bf00321288

Cited by 54 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…bAbreviated structures in format commonly presented. Tables 8 and 9 and references (146)(147)(148)(149)(150)(151)(152)(153)(154). "Mainly from Table 5.…”

Section: High-residue Congenermentioning

confidence: 99%

Stepping Backward to Improve Assessment of PCB Congener Toxicities

Hansen¹

1998

Environmental Health Perspectives

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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous global contaminants that have been intensively investigated for three decades. They are broad-acting toxicants occurring in complex mixtures and accurate risk assessment has proven to be elusive. Focusing on a limited set of end points and emphasizing a fixed set of congeners have led to more streamlined data sets that are meant to expedite hazard characterization and risk assessment for the most potent congeners--aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists. Unfortunately, this has made it impossible to confirm or deny significant contributions from the more prevalent components of the mixtures. PCBs may be only coincidentally present, rather than causal, in some diseases. Still, attempts to determine associations with incomplete residue data may lead to erroneous conclusions and make accurate risk assessment even more elusive. Responses not mediated through the AhR are presented and emphasize large data gaps. Dissimilar analytical reports emphasize that selection of analytes is not consistent. Collectively, these data confirm that AhR-focused objectives unintentionally created the impression that nonplanar PCBs have little if any potential for hazards to humans and wildlife. Near steady-state exposure of healthy adults are probably of minor consequence except for emerging correlations with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; however, pulses of exposure to more labile mixtures may contribute to developmental effects without leaving a residue record. More broadly based criteria are suggested and harmonization of data collection and presentation are desirable. A more comprehensive list of PCB congeners is proposed that would provide more adequate data upon which to base associations with adverse outcomes.

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“…bAbreviated structures in format commonly presented. Tables 8 and 9 and references (146)(147)(148)(149)(150)(151)(152)(153)(154). "Mainly from Table 5.…”

Section: High-residue Congenermentioning

confidence: 99%

Stepping Backward to Improve Assessment of PCB Congener Toxicities

Hansen¹

1998

Environmental Health Perspectives

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“…In the early 1990s, different analytical techniques were investigated for the measurement of PCB congeners and chlorinated pesticides in an effort to establish more independent analytical techniques and to expand the number of PCB congeners and chlorinated pesticides with certified concentrations in future SRMs. Schantz et al [23] compared results from different cleanup procedures, up to three different GC column stationary phases, and two different detection methods (ECD and MS). This work was the basis for the two independent techniques approach used at NIST for providing certified values for individual PCBs and pesticides in natural-matrix SRMs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners and chlorinated pesticides in a fish tissue standard reference material

et al. 2003

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The concentrations of a wide range of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (PCBs) and chlorinated pesticides in a fish tissue Standard Reference Material (SRM) have been determined using multiple methods of analysis. This material, SRM 1946, Lake Superior Fish Tissue, was recently issued by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and complements a suite of marine environmental natural-matrix SRMs that are currently available from NIST for the determination of organic contaminants such as aliphatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), PCBs, and chlorinated pesticides. SRM 1946 is a fresh tissue homogenate (frozen) prepared from filleted adult lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush namaycush) collected from the Apostle Islands region of Lake Superior. SRM 1946 has certified and reference concentrations for PCB congeners, including the three non- ortho PCB congeners, and chlorinated pesticides. Certified concentrations are available for 30 PCB congeners and 15 chlorinated pesticides. Reference concentrations are available for 12 PCB congeners and 2 chlorinated pesticides. In addition, SRM 1946 is characterized for additional chemical constituents and properties: fatty acids, extractable fat, methylmercury, total mercury, selected trace elements, proximates, and caloric content. The characterization of chlorinated compounds is described in this paper with an emphasis on the approach used for the certification of the concentrations of PCB congeners and chlorinated pesticides. The PCB congener and chlorinated pesticide data are also compared to concentrations in other marine natural-matrix reference materials available from NIST (fish oil, mussel tissue, whale blubber, and a second fresh frozen fish tissue homogenate prepared from filleted adult lake trout collected from Lake Michigan) and from other organizations such as the National Research Council Canada (ground whole carp), the International Atomic Energy Agency (fish homogenate), and the European Commission Joint Research Centre [fish oils (cod and mackerel) and mussel tissue].

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“…About 40 PCB congeners and 20 chlorinated pesticides had been determined in this well analysed material [58,59]. Only 3 out of the 11 most intense chromatographic peaks could not be identified.…”

Section: Imprecision Of Ecni-ms Quantification Using Technical Camphementioning

confidence: 99%

A congener-specific method for the quantification of camphechlor (toxaphene) residues in fish and other foodstuffs

Alder

Vieth

1996

Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry

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To develop a method for the quantification of camphechlor without the use of complex technical toxaphene as gas-chromatographic standard, all important chlorobornane peaks have been identified in a mixed marine fish sample reflecting the fish consumption in Germany. Further ECD but not ECNI-MS has been found to be suitable for estimation of the relative concentrations of chlorobornanes. The three camphechlor congeners with the highest ECD response have been found in concentrations of 0.05-0.08 mg/kg (fat basis), representing about 50% of the total chlorobornanes present. A predominance of these congeners has also been observed in a standard reference material of cod liver oil (SRM 1588). As these three congeners are presumed to be dominant in human camphechlor intake, it is proposed to use them as indicator components for a congener-specific analysis of camphechlor residues together with a fourth heptachlorobornane which does not accumulate in fish. Cleanup by gel permeation and silica gel chromatography with GC/ECD analysis has been tested for its suitability to determine these camphechlor congeners. The limit of determination found for each congener was about 5 g/kg. The determination of these four congeners allows an unambiguous identification without specific cleanup (e.g. complete separation from PCBs or chlordanes) and a simple quantification of camphechlor residues, thus eliminating systematic errors resulting from different technical standards or detectors.

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Comparison of methods for the gas-chromatographic determination of PCB congeners and chlorinated pesticides in marine reference materials

Cited by 54 publications

References 21 publications

Stepping Backward to Improve Assessment of PCB Congener Toxicities

Stepping Backward to Improve Assessment of PCB Congener Toxicities

Determination of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners and chlorinated pesticides in a fish tissue standard reference material

A congener-specific method for the quantification of camphechlor (toxaphene) residues in fish and other foodstuffs

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