Comparison of Methods for the Measurement of Piezoelectric Coefficients

Abstract

The charge constant of piezoelectric material is one of the crucial constant values. At the present time, the measurement of this value is mostly realized by means of three techniques: the frequency method, the laser interferometer technique, and the quasi-static method. These techniques have been practically applied to piezoelectric ceramic samples. Our paper presents a comparison of the individual methods with regard to their accuracy and the demands placed on the instrumentation and preparation of the piezoelectric material samples. A "soft" ceramic product marketed under the production code of NCE51 was used in the experiments. The methods are described in detail, including the process of sample preparation, description of the experiments, and procedure of calculating coefficients from the measured values.

Monitoring of the piezoelectric properties and structural changes of the PMN-32%PT crystals during poling process

“…13. The piezoelectric charge d 3i coefficients were measured by the laser interferometer method and calculated according to [4]:…”

“…[ ] n Electromechanical coupling coefficients determined by the frequency method [4] and the obtained measurement errors are given in Fig. 8 and Fig.…”

“…The method is based on optical observation of the crystal's domain structure and simultaneous measurement of electric impedance of the crystal versus frequency. Piezoelectric coefficients such as d 31 , d 32 , d 15 , e 31 , e 32 , e 15 and electromechanical coupling coefficients k 31 , k 32 , k 15 are calculated from the resonance -antiresonance frequency measurements [4].…”

Piezoelectric stack actuator parameter extraction with hysteresis compensation

“…The piezoelectric parameters' extraction is based on the quasi-static measurement method, due to its simplicity and comparable accuracy to other methods [6]. The accuracy of the achieved nonlinearity compensation is verified against measurements.…”

“…Although the constitutive equations presented in (1) and (2) are widely recognized [7], they can be rewritten to couple easily measurable quantities by substituting S,D,E and T with their definition in (3) - (6).…”