Comparison of Mono Camera-based Static Obstacle Position Estimation Methods for Automotive Application

Abstract

This paper presents the comparison of four different mono camera-based steady obstacle position and size estimation algorithms focusing on automatic emergency braking application. Three methods are well known in the automotive field, the fourth is the author's own method successfully applied in aerospace until now. The first contribution is the extension of all methods to consider multiple data points and variable velocity (where possible). The second contribution is an extensive simulation testing of the methods considering constant and variable speeds, attitude uncertainties and the braking characteristic of real vehicles. The methods are evaluated basedon the worst case hitting speed of the obstacle and the precision of obstacle side distance and size estimation. The maximum speeds of applicability are determined for all methods and the results are commented in detail.

Vital Sign Monitoring in Car Seats Based on Electrocardiography, Ballistocardiography and Seismocardiography: A Review

“…While the seat-integrated techniques (ECG, cECG and BCG) have been used extensively in the automotive environment [ 121 ]; camera-based techniques, although not studied at a high level of readiness to the same extent as seat-integrated techniques, also remained popular [ 122 , 123 ]. The main problem probably lies in their relatively high costs and a potential conflict with drivers—the camera can be taken as a violation of their privacy [ 123 , 124 ].…”