Comparison of nickel patch test reactivity in phases of the menstrual cycle

Tamer, Emine; İkizoğlu, Güliz; Toy, Güneş Gür; Allı, Nuran

doi:10.1046/j.1365-4362.2003.01708.x

Cited by 21 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…While some reports have shown that E2 enhances the Th2-type immune response, other reports have demonstrated that E2 enhances contact hypersensitivity (CHS) as a Th1-type immune response, and expression of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) as a Th1-type cytokine [5][6][7][8]. Human contact dermatitis, a Th1-type immune reaction, is more severe in the ovulation phase than in the luteal phase [5], while numerous experiments in mice have demonstrated that E2 enhances the production of IFN-γ [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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17β-Estradiol enhances expression of inflammatory cytokines and inducible nitric oxide synthase in mouse contact hypersensitivity

Sakazaki

Ueno

Nakamuro

2008

International Immunopharmacology

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Human contact dermatitis, a Th1-type immune reaction, is more severe in the ovulation phase than in the luteal phase [5], while numerous experiments in mice have demonstrated that E2 enhances the production of IFN-γ [6][7][8]. Hence, it has been suggested that E2 may enhance contact dermatitis by increasing IFN-γ production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

17β-Estradiol enhances expression of inflammatory cytokines and inducible nitric oxide synthase in mouse contact hypersensitivity

Sakazaki

Ueno

Nakamuro

2008

International Immunopharmacology

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“…One case letter suggested that the outcome of patch testing could fluctuate with the menstruation cycle (339). However, other patch test studies have not confirmed this in series of nickel allergic patients (340–343). One recent Italian study by Bonamonte et al showed that the ovulatory phase of the menstruation cycle inhibited allergic responses in 30 nickel allergic subjects (344).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nickel and cobalt allergy before and after nickel regulation – evaluation of a public health intervention

Thyssen

2011

Contact Dermatitis

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Over the 20th century, the frequent use of nickel in consumer products resulted in an increasing prevalence of nickel allergy. Risk items included suspenders in the 1950s-1960s; buttons, zippers and rivets in the 1970s; and ear-piercing jewellery in the 1980s. When subjects allergic to nickel were exposed to nickel in high concentrations, it often resulted in allergic nickel contact dermatitis and hand eczema. In 1990, the Danish government began to regulate consumer nickel exposure as a response to the increasing nickel allergy problem. In 1994, the EU Nickel Directive was passed, a regulation that was based on the Danish and Swedish nickel regulations. These major public health interventions were expected to change the epidemiology of nickel allergy and dermatitis in Europe. Furthermore, it was debated whether nickel would be replaced by cobalt in inexpensive jewellery and result in higher prevalence of cobalt allergy. An evaluation of the possible effects of the European nickel regulations is of importance to ensure protection of consumers and dermatitis patients. This doctoral thesis aimed to evaluate the effects of regulatory interventions on nickel exposure by investigating the development of nickel allergy and dermatitis before and after nickel regulation. Furthermore, a change in the association between nickel allergy and hand eczema was evaluated. The nickel spot test was validated to determine its value when used for screening purposes. Possible explanations for the persistence of nickel allergy were explored including genetic predisposition and consumer nickel exposure from jewellery and accessories. A cobalt spot test was developed and validated. Finally, it was evaluated whether a cobalt allergy epidemic had replaced the nickel allergy epidemic after nickel regulation in terms of increasing cobalt sensitization and cobalt exposure. The thesis showed that the prevalence of nickel allergy decreased significantly after nickel regulation in young Danish women from the general population (18-35 years) and in young Danish female dermatitis patients from a university patch test clinic (0-30 years). Stratification by ear-piercing status revealed that women ear pierced before 1990 had a significantly higher prevalence of nickel allergy and dermatitis than women ear pierced after 1990. Furthermore, the association between hand eczema and nickel allergy decreased in young women aged 18-35 years when a comparison was made between women who were patch tested and questioned in, respectively, 1990 and 2006. Despite the decreasing prevalence of nickel allergy, this condition remains prevalent in young Danish women, as about 10% are nickel allergic. Genetic predisposition to nickel allergy was evaluated by investigating the possible association between filaggrin null mutation status and nickel allergy. A positive association was found but it was also concluded that environmental nickel exposure is of much greater importance. Thus, of 354 consumer items purchased from 36 different stores in Copenhagen, 22% released ni...

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“…(2,3) Contact hypersensitivity (CHS) in humans also is enhanced by E2. (4) However, the mechanism underlying the immunological actions of E2 has not been completely elucidated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

17β-Estradiol Enhances Contact Hypersensitivity in a Hair Cycle-Dependent Manner and Retards Thymic Atrophy with Age

Sakazaki

Ueno

Nakamuro

2007

Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology

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The effect of 17beta-estradiol (E2) on murine contact hypersensitivity (CHS), thymic atrophy, and hair-cycle change related to growth was investigated. Female mice were ovariectomized. E2 (3.2 microg) was injected subcutaneously along with the sensitizer 4-ethoxymethylene-2-phenyl-2-oxazolin-5-one (OXA), and a hypersensitive reaction was elicited with OXA on the ear in mice of various ages. E2 enhanced allergy only in 3- and 7-week-old mice, just prior to hair regrowth. Age-related thymus atrophy was repressed in the E2-treated mice compared with the control mice. E2 alone did not cause thymus involution, but it did inhibit thymus involution and regeneration after CHS.

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Comparison of nickel patch test reactivity in phases of the menstrual cycle

Cited by 21 publications

References 15 publications

17β-Estradiol enhances expression of inflammatory cytokines and inducible nitric oxide synthase in mouse contact hypersensitivity

17β-Estradiol enhances expression of inflammatory cytokines and inducible nitric oxide synthase in mouse contact hypersensitivity

Nickel and cobalt allergy before and after nickel regulation – evaluation of a public health intervention

17β-Estradiol Enhances Contact Hypersensitivity in a Hair Cycle-Dependent Manner and Retards Thymic Atrophy with Age

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