Comparison of overground and treadmill-based gaits of dogs

Torres, Bryan T.; Moens, Noël M. M.; Al‐Nadaf, Sami; Fu, Yu; Budsberg, Steven C.

doi:10.2460/ajvr.74.4.535

Cited by 29 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…17 Furthermore, the flat panel detector has a defined field of view, which only allowed us to capture the stance portion of stair ascent. Treadmill kinematics has been shown to be different to that over ground in dogs; 29 thus our kinematic findings may vary slightly from what occurs in normally ambulating dogs over ground. We were also only able to analyze a small number of trials for each subject.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

In‐vivo three‐dimensional knee kinematics during daily activities in dogs

Kim

Jones

Lewis

et al. 2015

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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The canine knee is morphologically similar to the human knee and thus dogs have been used in experimental models to study human knee pathology. To date, there is limited data of normal canine 3D knee kinematics during daily activities. The objective of this study was to characterize 3D in-vivo femorotibial kinematics in normal dogs during commonly performed daily activities. Using single-plane fluoroscopy, six normal dogs were imaged performing walk, trot, sit, and stair ascent activities. CT-generated bone models were used for kinematic measurement using a 3D-to-2D model registration technique. Increasing knee flexion angle was typically associated with increasing tibial internal rotation, abduction and anterior translation during all four activities. The precise relationship between flexion angle and these movements varied both within and between activities. Significant differences in axial rotation and coronal angulation were found at the same flexion angle during different phases of the walk and trot. This was also found with anterior tibial translation during the trot only. Normal canine knees accommodate motion in all planes; precise kinematics within this envelope of motion are activity dependent. This data establishes the characteristics of normal 3D femorotibial joint kinematics in dogs that can be used as a comparison for future studies.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

In‐vivo three‐dimensional knee kinematics during daily activities in dogs

Kim

Jones

Lewis

et al. 2015

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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“…At low to moderate speeds, dogs tend to maintain > 1 foot in contact with the ground, resulting in overlap of feet on the force platform. 17,18 These limitations, combined with the cost of the equipment, hinder the application of instrumented treadmills for canine gait analysis in clinical practices. Therefore, kinetic studies 15 dealing with symmetry indices or compensatory mechanisms rely on the assumption that consecutive strides are identical.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of leash side and handlers on pressure mat analysis of gait characteristics in small-breed dogs

Keebaugh

Redman-Bentley²,

Griffon³

2015

javma

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Symmetry indices appeared to vary less than variables obtained for individual dog limbs, and it may therefore be advantageous to determine those indices during large trials. Handlers or leash side may be changed in studies focusing on dogs' hind limbs without affecting results. Use of symmetry indices is recommended in forelimb studies requiring multiple handlers. Pressure walkway analyses of the forelimbs should include equal distribution of left- and right-sided leash-led trials, given that small-breed dogs tended to shift weight toward the forelimb opposite the leash.

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“…After controlling for individual, gait and speed, we found no consistent effect of the treadmill relative to overground locomotion on sagittal plane joint flexion and extension (Torres et al, 2013) and therefore assumed treadmill trials were representative of free-ranging dog locomotion. While not significantly different (P=0.07-0.09 range), limb lengths were generally shorter in hounds than in other breeds (Table 1).…”

Section: Kinematicsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Previous studies report that, overall, dog sagittal-plane gait patterns on a level treadmill do not differ from those of overground locomotion (Torres et al, 2013), although the stance phase is slightly longer (Fischer and Lilje, 2011). We tested these findings, and closely examined gait kinematic differences across breeds, using a random subset of at least four dogs within each breed group.…”

Section: Gait Mechanics and Kinematic Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative locomotor costs of domestic dogs reveal energetic economy of wolf-like breeds

Bryce

Williams

2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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The broad diversity in morphology and geographic distribution of the 35 free-ranging members of the family Canidae is only rivaled by that of the domesticated dog, Canis lupus familiaris. Considered to be among nature's most elite endurance athletes, both domestic and wild canids provide a unique opportunity to examine the variability in mammalian aerobic exercise performance and energy expenditure. To determine the potential effects of domestication and selective breeding on locomotor gait and economy in canids, we measured the kinematics and mass-specific metabolism of three large (>20 kg) dog breed groups (northern breeds, retrievers and hounds) of varying morphological and genomic relatedness to their shared progenitor, the gray wolf. By measuring all individuals moving in preferred steady-state gaits along a level transect and on a treadmill, we found distinct biomechanical, kinematic and energetic patterns for each breed group. While all groups exhibited reduced total cost of transport (COT) at faster speeds, the total COT and net COT during trotting and galloping were significantly lower for northern breed dogs , respectively). These results suggest that, in addition to their close genetic and morphological ties to gray wolves, northern breed dogs have retained highly cursorial kinematic and physiological traits that promote economical movement across the landscape.

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Comparison of overground and treadmill-based gaits of dogs

Cited by 29 publications

References 18 publications

In‐vivo three‐dimensional knee kinematics during daily activities in dogs

In‐vivo three‐dimensional knee kinematics during daily activities in dogs

Influence of leash side and handlers on pressure mat analysis of gait characteristics in small-breed dogs

Comparative locomotor costs of domestic dogs reveal energetic economy of wolf-like breeds

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