Comparison of particle-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their variability causes in the ambient air in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam and in Osaka, Japan, during 2005–2006

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in atmospheric PM2.5 and PM10 at a coal-based industrial city: Implication for PAH control at industrial agglomeration regions, China

“…For their control through air quality management, guided levels of BaP in the USA (Ravindra et al, 2008), European Union (Hien et al, 2007;Ravindra et al, 2008), UK (Sin et al, 2003;Hien et al, 2007), Italy (Sin et al, 2003), WHO (WHO, 2002) and China (MEP, 2012) have been set. However these standard levels are set for a whole city or region without considering different urban sites and the particle size.…”

Evaluation of a Compact Sampler Designed for the Simultaneous Collection of Atmospheric Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Size-fractionated Particulate Matter and the Gaseous Phase

“…Increases in PAH concentrations are generally caused by additional emission sources such as heating, intensification of PAH emissions from the main sources, and/or meteorological conditions. 10,29,30) In terms of the present sampling site, there are no sources of PAHs (e.g., incinerators and factories) in addition to motor vehicles, and the use of vehi- cles in this area shows no seasonal change. 31) Therefore, the observed temporal change is attributable to meteorological conditions.…”

“…Therefore, the increase in PAH concentrations in PM fractions during winter is mainly attributable to a reduction in their photolytic degradation due to a decrease in sunshine amount and changes in gas-particle partitions. 10,17,29,30) Σ28PAH concentrations in the gaseous phase were also high in winter; however, a high concentration was also observed on 16-17th August, during summer. Indeed, Σ28PAH concentrations in the gaseous phase showed negative correlations with ambient temperature and sunshine amount, although the relationships were weaker than those in the case of particulate PAHs ( Table 2).…”

“…A few studies have also investigated the atmospheric PAHs associated with airborne particles from Osaka. 18,29,30) However, measurements of gas-particle PAHs have not been performed since the 1970 s, 18) and their size distributions have yet to be measured in the Osaka area.…”

Contribution of traffic and tobacco smoke in the distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on outdoor and indoor PM2.5

“…These compounds are composed by two or more fused aromatic rings and mostly formed during incomplete combustion of organic materials (Maliszewska-Kordybach, 1999;Mastral and Callen, 2000). The largest PAHs sources to the atmosphere include emissions from automobiles (traffic emissions; Cacciola et al, 2002;Hien et al, 2007;Kishida et al, 2008), industrial processes and wood burning.…”