Comparison of patient and therapist evaluations of time-limited psychotherapy.

Counseling session impact as viewed by novice counselors and their clients.

“…clients. Counselor-client correlations were somewhat higher (though still only moderate) in previous research on SEQ Depth ratings (Stiles, 1980), as well as on therapist effectiveness (Mintz et al, 1973), on ratings of helpfulness and affective impact of counselor responses in a session (Caskey et al, in press), and on global judgments of session value (Schwartz & Bernard, 1981).…”

“…Overall, clients in this study rated their sessions as deeper and slightly smobther than did counselors (Table 1); effect sizes (mean difference divided by the average standard deviation) were about .42 standard deviation units for Depth (a small-to-moderate effect) and about .16 for Smoothness (a very small effect). A tendency for clients to give somewhat more positive ratings than counselors is a common finding in session impact research (Caskey, Barker, & Elliott, in press;LaCrosse, 1977;Schwartz & Bernard, 1981).…”

“…Previously reported correlations of coun-selor and client session impact ratings have ranged from negligible to moderate (La-Crosse, 1977;Mintz et al, 1973;Schwartz & Bernard, 1981;Stiles, 1980). However, almost all have confounded at least two of the three components of variance, so interpretations are ambiguous.…”

“…Session impact refers to a counseling session's immediate effects, including the participants' evaluations of the session and their postsession affective states. Session impact research is in the tradition of research on the "good hour" (Auerbach & Lubors,ky, 1968;Hoyt, 1980;Orlinsky & Howard, 1967) and on counselors' and clients' postsession perceptions of each other and of the session process (Barak & LaCrosse, 1975;Bernard, Schwartz, Oclatis, & Stiner, 1980;LaCrosse, 1977;LaCrosse & Barak, 1976;Mintz, Auerbach, Luborsky, & Johnson, 1973;Mintz, Luborsky, & Auerbach, 1971;Orlinsky & Howard, 1975,1977Schwartz & Bernard, 1981). Session impact is distinct from session process (e.g., the counselors' verbal interventions) and from long-term outcome (cf.…”

The working alliance within time-limited therapy: A case analysis.

“…Empirical research on shifts in the working alliance within time-limited treatment is limited to loosely controlled or exploratory studies (Gelso & Carter, 1985). Schwartz and Bernard (1981), for example, compared client and therapist evaluations of unspecified brief therapy (6-12 sessions) and found that clients' and therapists' ratings of session quality were most congruent in the early and posttreatment phases and least congruent in the middle phase. This study, however, did not control for therapist orientation on the length of treatment and did not obtain ratings from independent judges.…”