Comparison of Saliva Collection Methods in Children with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders: Acceptability and Recovery of Cortisol

Putnam, Susan K.; Lopata, Christopher; Fox, Jeffery D.; Thomeer, Marcus L.; Rodgers, Jonathan D.; Volker, Martin A.; Lee, Gloria K.; Neilans, Erik G.; Werth, Jilynn M.

doi:10.1007/s10578-012-0284-3

Cited by 26 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Recently, many studies have focused on saliva samples to detect cortisol which is a good indicator of stress pressure and behavior recovery in patients with ASD (Putnam et al 2012; Tordjman et al 2014; Abdulla and Hegde 2015; Edmiston et al 2015). Because of the ease of collecting saliva, it is convenient for caregivers to help patients, even infants and toddlers (Putnam et al 2012), to collect samples at home.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Body fluid levels of neuroactive amino acids in autism spectrum disorders: a review of the literature

Zheng

Wang²,

et al. 2016

Amino Acids

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A review of studies on the body fluid levels of neuroactive amino acids, including glutamate, glutamine, taurine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, tryptophan, d-serine, and others, in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is given. The results reported in the literature are generally inconclusive and contradictory, but there has been considerable variation among the previous studies in terms of factors such as age, gender, number of subjects, intelligence quotient, and psychoactive medication being taken. Future studies should include simultaneous analyses of a large number of amino acids [including d-serine and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs)] and standardization of the factors mentioned above. It may also be appropriate to use saliva sampling to detect amino acids in ASD patients in the future—this is noninvasive testing that can be done easily more frequently than other sampling, thus providing more dynamic monitoring.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of the ease of collecting saliva, it is convenient for caregivers to help patients, even infants and toddlers (Putnam et al 2012), to collect samples at home. There should be reduced emotional changes compared to collecting blood samples and thus possibly increased accuracy of results (Woods et al 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body fluid levels of neuroactive amino acids in autism spectrum disorders: a review of the literature

Zheng

Wang²,

et al. 2016

Amino Acids

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“…The levels of NASs may change with anxiety and stress, which may be related to strange environments and processes in collection of samples. Saliva samples are relatively convenient for caregivers to collect at home, even from infants and toddlers [120]. There should be reduced emotional changes compared to collecting blood samples and thus possibly increased accuracy of results [121].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroactive Steroids and Related Steroids in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Zheng¹,

Wang²,

Li³

et al. 2018

Neuropsychiatry

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Neuroactive steroids (rapidly acting steroids that act as allosteric modulators of neurotransmitter receptors such as the ɣ-aminobutyric acid A (GABA A ) receptor and the NMDA glutamate receptor) are involved in brain development and have been proposed to be important in the etiology and/or pharmacotherapy of a number of psychiatric and neurologic disorders, but there is limited information available on their association with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). This paper reviews the possible involvement of neuroactive steroids (NASs) and some related steroids, including testosterone, androstenedione and estradiol steroids in the etiology of ASD. NASs include progesterone, pregnanolone, pregnenolone, pregnenolone sulfate, allopregnanolone, tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone (THDOC), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA sulfate (DHEAS). Studies on the levels of NASs and related steroids in blood, urine, saliva, and amniotic fluid in ASD are also reviewed. The results on plasma levels of NASs in ASD reported in the literature are generally inconclusive, probably because of differences among studies in terms of experimental design and factors such as age, gender, number of subjects, and medication being taken and differences in time of day at which samples are taken and storage conditions of samples. Future studies on levels of NASs in ASD should include careful consideration of the factors mentioned above, the possible advantages of saliva sampling and the use of assay procedures that provide simultaneous analysis of levels of a large number of these steroids.

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“…Saliva was collected using the passive drool method [17] into sterile collection tubes (Greiner Bio-One GmbH, Austria). These tubes were then stored in a vaccine box (Apex International, Uttar Pradesh, India) at 5°C before being transported to the lab for analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary Cortisol as a Biomarker to Explore the Role of Maternal Stress in Early Childhood Caries

Pani

Abuthuraya

AlShammery

et al. 2013

International Journal of Dentistry

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Objective. To compare salivary cortisol levels of children with ECC and their mothers with those of caries free children from a similar sociodemographic cohort. Design. Sixty-four college-educated, working mothers from middle income families with no history of anxiety disorders and their first born children aged between 48 and 71 months were included in the study. Salivary cortisol levels were analyzed using electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunoassay. Statistical Analyses. Significance of difference between the cortisol levels of children with ECC and control children and of their mothers was analyzed using the Student's t- test. The intraclass correlation coefficient was used to measure the significance of correlation of cortisol levels between the mother and the child with logistic regression to explore possible associations. Results. Mothers of children with ECC had significantly higher levels of salivary cortisol (P < 0.05) than mothers of caries free children. The salivary cortisol levels of children with ECC were significantly higher than caries free children (P < 0.0001). A significant correlation existed between the salivary cortisol level of the mother and that of the child (P < 0.0001). Conclusion. While salivary cortisol levels of the child seem to have a direct impact on the incidence of ECC, maternal stress seems to have an indirect effect.

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Comparison of Saliva Collection Methods in Children with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders: Acceptability and Recovery of Cortisol

Cited by 26 publications

References 38 publications

Body fluid levels of neuroactive amino acids in autism spectrum disorders: a review of the literature

Body fluid levels of neuroactive amino acids in autism spectrum disorders: a review of the literature

Neuroactive Steroids and Related Steroids in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Salivary Cortisol as a Biomarker to Explore the Role of Maternal Stress in Early Childhood Caries

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