Comparison of Sequence Variants in the PDK4 and COX4I2 Genes Between Racing and Cutting Lines of Quarter Horses and Associations With the Speed Index

Pereira, Guilherme Luís; Matteis, Rafael de; Meira, Camila Tângari; Regitano, Luciana Correia de Almeida; Silva, Josineudson Augusto Ii Vasconcelos; Chardulo, Luis Artur Loyola; Curi, Rogério Abdallah

doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2015.07.001

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Horses homozygous for the T allele were thought to retain the GRE binding site and were associated with elite race performance. Interestingly, although the SNPs were also identified in Quarter horses, no significant association between the genotype at this site and race performance was observed in that breed . This was explained by the fact that the COX4I2 polymorphisms are related to improvements in aerobic metabolism.…”

Section: Equine Performance Genes As Possible Candidates For Equine Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inheritance of the A allele results in increased PDK4 production after sprint exercise with a concomitant increase in fatty‐acid oxidation. In accordance with these findings, the Arabian breed that is used for endurance competition over longer distances than Thoroughbreds were found to have a higher frequency of the G allele, and no association was observed between these alleles and racing ability in Quarter horses . This is in agreement with the hypothesis that the PDK4 gene variant relates to beneficial adaptations in aerobic metabolism and is thus more important in races that test endurance.…”

Section: Equine Performance Genes As Possible Candidates For Equine Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, although the SNPs were also identified in Quarter horses, no significant association between the genotype at this site and race performance was observed in that breed. [110] This was explained by the fact that the COX4I2 polymorphisms are related to improvements in aerobic metabolism. As the Quarter horse breed has undergone intense artificial selection for superior short distance sprinting ability (usually up to 400 m), aerobic metabolism is much less important than in Thoroughbreds, which are bred for racing over longer distances.…”

Section: Genes For Oxygen Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Equine performance genes and the future of doping in horseracing

Wilkin

Baoutina

Hamilton

2017

Drug Testing and Analysis

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A horse's success on the racetrack is determined by genetics, training and nutrition, and their translation into physical traits such as speed, endurance and muscle strength. Advances in genetic technologies are slowly explaining the roles of specific genes in equine performance, and offering new insights into the development of novel therapies for diseases and musculoskeletal injuries that cause early retirement of many racehorses. Gene therapy approaches may also soon provide new means to artificially enhance the physical performance of racehorses. Gene doping, the misuse of gene therapies for performance enhancement, is predicted to be the next phase of doping faced by horseracing. The risk of gene doping to human sports has been recognised for almost 15 years, and the introduction of the first gene doping detection tests for doping control in human athletes is imminent. Gene doping is also a threat to horseracing, but there are currently no methods to detect it. Efficient and accurate detection methods need to be developed to deter those looking to use gene doping in horses and to maintain the integrity of the sport. Methods developed for human athletes could offer an avenue for detection in racehorses. Development of an equine equivalent test will first require identification of equine genes that will likely be targeted by gene doping attempts. This review focuses on genes that have been linked to athletic performance in horses and, therefore, could be targeted for genetic manipulation. The risks associated with gene doping and approaches to detect gene doping are also discussed.

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Section: Equine Performance Genes As Possible Candidates For Equine Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Equine Performance Genes As Possible Candidates For Equine Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Genes For Oxygen Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Equine performance genes and the future of doping in horseracing

Wilkin

Baoutina

Hamilton

2017

Drug Testing and Analysis

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“…In Brazil the effective number of animals in the racing line is relatively small compared to other lines, however its has substantial economic importance. Despite economic and scientific interest in this line and its racing aptitude, few efforts have been made to better understand the genetic mechanisms underlying this trait (Meira et al, 2014a(Meira et al, , 2014bPereira et al, 2016bPereira et al, , 2016a.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Individual (Gu et al, 2010; and genome-wide (Shin et al, 2015) association studies between DNA polymorphisms and the racing performance of horses have been conducted mainly on Thoroughbred horses. However, Pereira et al (2016bPereira et al ( , 2016a showed that some markers appropriate for the thoroughbred are not suitable for the identification of animals with superior racing performance in the Quarter Horse breed. In an attempt to identify genes and DNA polymorphisms specific for the racing line of Quarter Horses related to speed and performance in horse races, Meira et al (2014aMeira et al ( , 2014b investigated selection signatures and performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic regions associated with performance in racing line of Quarter Horses

et al. 2018

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Quarter Horses breed for rancing are able to run short distances faster than any other breed. Although in Brazil the effective number of animals in the racing line is relatively smaller compared to the other lines, its economic importance is substantial. Despite economic and scientific interest in this athletic trait, few efforts have been made to better understand the genetic and physiological mechanisms underlying this trait. The objective of this study was to perform genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in Quarter Horses of the racing line using equine single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping chips for prospecting chromosome regions, genes and polymorphisms related to maximum speed index. Genotypic and phenotypic data from 305 horses genotyped with the 54 k or 65 k chip were used. Additional 187 not genotyped animal with SI record were added in the study, for a total of 492 animals and 620 horses in the pedigree used for the GWAS analysis GWAS was performed by the single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (ssGBLUP) method using two approaches: ssGWAS1 in which only SNP effects are recalculated at each iteration, and ssGWAS2 in which SNP effects are recalculated from updated genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) at each iteration. Twenty-one regions that explained more than 1% of the total genetic variance (gVar) in the maximum speed index were identified by ssGWAS1 and 12 by ssGWAS2. More than 40% of gVar was explained by these regions in ssGWAS1 and about 30% in ssGWAS2. Among chromosomes that explained more than 1% of genetic variance, five were common to both methods (equine autosomal chromosomes 3, 10, 15, 22, 25). The capacity to capture the largest number of small-effect quantitative trait loci was greater for ssGWAS1 than ssGWAS2. A total of 108 genes were identified with the first approach and 59 with the second approach. The present results show that the racing performance of Quarter Horses, given by the maximum speed index, is a quantitative trait and that no major genes exist. In general, the genes identified by enrichment analysis are related to the neuromotor system, bone and tendon development, hormonal responses, muscle contraction, and energy and sterol metabolism. These functions are considered important for the trait studied, corroborating these genes as candidates for racing performance in the Quarter Horse breed.

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